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Cited by 5Animal health and immunologyAnimal Behavior and Welfare StudiesEffects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock

Rehydration post-transport: duration of oral fluid therapy on behavior, biochemical measures of hydration, and health of neonatal dairy calves

Open access
Pempek, Jessica A, England, Zachary, Habing, Gregory G, Niehaus, Andrew·2024·Journal of Animal Science
DOI 10.1093/jas/skae011PMC PMC10836504
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of 0, 1, 2, or 3 d of oral electrolyte solutions (OES) following transport on calf behavior, biochemical measures of hydration, and subsequent health. Two cohorts of 60 Holstein bull calves ~3 to 7 d of age were included in this experiment. Calves (n = 30/treatment) were randomized to 1 of 4 treatments on arrival at a calf-raising facility: (1) 1-d OES, (2) 2-d OES, (3) 3-d OES, or (4) no OES (control). Calves were evaluated for signs of arthritis, depression, dehydration, diarrhea, fever, navel inflammation, and respiratory disease on arrival (day 0) and 1, 2, 3, and 7 d after arrival. Blood was obtained following each examination to assess biochemical measures of hydration, including serum electrolytes, glucose, hematocrit, lactate, pH, and serum total protein (STP). Calves were fitted with 3D accelerometers attached to the right hind leg along the metatarsus bone to continuously measure lying time. Linear regression models with Gaussian or Poisson link functions were used to test differences between treatments in blood parameters, as well as disease frequency and behavior, respectively. Calves spent the most time lying immediately post-transport (day 0); however, there was no effect of OES treatment on lying time. On arrival, 90% (95% CI: 84.6% to 95.4%) of calves had mild to moderate dehydration, and there was no significant difference in hydration status across treatments. Mildly dehydrated calves that received 1- and 2-d OES had higher STP concentration compared to the control. Moderately dehydrated calves that received 3- vs. 1-d OES had higher (101.4 vs. 93.7 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.01) glucose concentration, and 3- vs. 2-d OES (101.4 vs. 96.2, respectively; P = 0.07) calves tended to have higher glucose concentration. The prevalence of failed transfer of passive immunity (STP < 5.1 g/dL) and hypoglycemia (glucose < 4.95 mmol/L) was 26.7% (18.6% to 34.7%) and 76.5% (68.7% to 84.2%), respectively. The frequency of moderate dehydration was lower for calves that received 2-d OES compared to the control (count ratio: 0.4; 0.2% to 0.8%; P = 0.009). These results underline the need for more research on rehydration strategies to help inform calf processing protocols. Future research should investigate preconditioning strategies to minimize the impact of marketing and transport on dairy calves. Continued nutritional-based research is also needed to better support calves’ recovery post-transport.

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  • Bajus et al. similarly reported suboptimal recovery when calves were fed electrolytes compared to milk replacer after transport at a rest stop, and Pempek et al. found that feeding calves electrolyte solution for 0-3 days post-transport had very limited positive effects on re-hydration and energy recovery.

    “Bajus et al. [58] similarly reported suboptimal recovery (more fat mobilisation, worse energy balance) when calves were fed electrolytes compared to MR after transport at a rest stop, and Pempek et al. [66] found that feeding calves electrolyte solution for 0–3 days post-transport (additionally to MR) had very limited positive effects on re-hydration and energy recovery.”

    From Effects of age and feeding protocols on the metabolic and physiological condition of unweaned calves during and after long-distance transport (2026) · cites this paper as [66]

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1 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Davis, C. L., and J. K. Drackley. 1998. The development, nutrition, and management of the young calf. Iowa State University Press.
  2. Dohoo, I., W. Martin, H. Stryhn. 2010. Model-building strategies. Pages 365-394 in Veterinary Epidemiological Research. 2nd ed. VER Inc., Charlottetown, Canada.

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Authors
Pempek, J. A., England, Z., Habing, G. G., & Niehaus, A.
Affiliations
  • Agricultural Research Service (US)
  • The Ohio State University (US)
Corresponding author
Pempek, Jessica A
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Animal Science
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2024-01-01
Volume
102
ISSN
  • 0021-8812 (ISSN-L)
  • 1525-3163
DOI
10.1093/jas/skae011
PMC
PMC10836504
OpenAlex
W4390858801
Cited by
5
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1
FWCI
2.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
public-domain
Locations
  • Journal of Animal Science (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Ohio State University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
Keywords
neonatal dairy calves, oral electrolyte solution, rehydration, transport stress, dehydration, serum total protein, hypoglycemia, passive transfer, serum glucose, serum lactate, serum electrolytes, lying behavior, calf health, Holstein bull calves, disease incidence, respiratory diseases, diarrhea, fever, arthritis, accelerometry
MeSH terms
Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases, Dehydration, Diarrhea, Fluid Therapy, Glucose, Inflammation, Male

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