Influence of Temperature and Humidity on Survival and Development of the Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides Felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)
Abstract
The survival and development of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, were assessed at various temperatures and relative humidities (RH). The upper and lower temperature limits for development (egg to adult) were 32 and 13°C. The length of the developmental period ranged from 14 to 140 days at these temperature extremes. Complete development occurred from 50–92% rh. Immature C. felis reared at 92% rh produced larger adults than those reared at 50% rh. At 27°C, the minimum rh necessary for greater than 50% survival of the immature stages was egg, 33%; larva, 50%; and pupa, 2%. Adult longevity increased with increasing rh and decreasing temperature.
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Temperatures >35°C and <3°C, in combination with a relative humidity <33%, may impair flea development.
“Temperatures >35°C and <3°C, in combination with a relative humidity <33%, may impair flea development [59-61].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [60]
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Flea infestations in companion animals: Challenges in heterogeneous subtropical environments
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- Authors
- Silverman, J., Rust, M. K., & Reierson, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- ORCID
- Silverman, Jules
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Entomology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1981-02-20
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-83
- ISSN
- 0022-2585 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-2928
- OpenAlex
- W2328133011
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Entomology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Dermatological diseases and infestations
- Keywords
- Ctenocephalides felis, temperature effects, relative humidity, insect development, survival, developmental stages, temperature limits, adult longevity, immature stages
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cats, Siphonaptera, Humidity, Metamorphosis, Biological, Temperature
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