Oral α-Tocopherol Supplements Decrease Plasma γ-Tocopherol Levels in Humans
Abstract
In a cross-sectional survey of 86 elderly persons, it was observed that subjects with elevated plasma alpha-tocopherol levels had depressed plasma gamma-tocopherol. Tocopherols were measured by both reverse-phase and normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When eight human volunteers (age range 30-60) were given 1200 IU of all-rac-alpha-tocopherol daily for 8 wk, plasma gamma-tocopherol and beta-tocopherol decreased in all subjects. After supplementation, gamma-tocopherol values were typically 30-50% of initial values, and alpha-tocopherol values were typically 200-400% of initial values. These results suggest that intestinal uptake and/or plasma transport make more efficient use of alpha-tocopherol than of gamma- or beta-tocopherol. Moreover, the results indicate that the ratio of gamma- to alpha-tocopherol in plasma would be a more satisfactory index to measure compliance in trials involving supplementation with alpha-tocopherol.
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Pro-inflammatory transcription factors, inflammatory markers including CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and matrix metalloproteinase, and endothelial dysfunction markers VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin are elevated in response to acute and persistent hyperglycaemia.
“Accordingly, pro-inflammatory transcription factors, inflammatory markers including CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and matrix metalloproteinase and markers of endothelial dysfunction VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin have been observed to be elevated in response to acute and persistent hyperglycaemia (474,475,514,521,653,662,670,671) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [662]
Elevated glucose causes oxidative stress due to increased production of mitochondrial ROS, non-enzymatic glycation of proteins and glucose auto-oxidation.
“Evans et al. (662) provided evidence that elevated glucose causes oxidative stress due to increased production of mitochondrial ROS, non-enzymatic glycation of proteins and glucose auto-oxidation.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [662]
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- Authors
- Handelman, G. J., Machlin, L. J., Fitch, K., Weiter, J. J., & Dratz, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- ORCID
- Handelman, Garry J.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1985-06
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 807-813
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2345529011
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (R01-EY01521)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Keywords
- alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, beta-tocopherol, vitamin E supplementation, plasma tocopherol levels, vitamin E, intestinal absorption, plasma transport, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Aged, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Vitamin E
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