The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dietary tomato paste protects against ultraviolet light-induced erythema in humans
Open accessAbstract
Carotenoids are efficient antioxidants capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species generated under conditions of photooxidative stress. It has been shown that supplementation with high doses of beta-carotene protects skin against UV-induced erythema. This study was designed to investigate whether intervention with a natural dietary source rich in lycopene protects against UV-induced erythema in humans. Tomato paste (40 g), providing approximately 16 mg/d of lycopene, was ingested with 10 g of olive oil over a period of 10 wk by 9 volunteers. Controls (n = 10) received olive oil only. Erythema was induced by illumination of dorsal skin (scapular region) with a solar simulator at the beginning of the study, after 4 wk and after 10 wk. Intensity of erythema was measured by chromatometry; the a-value was determined directly before and 24 h after irradiation. Serum carotenoid levels were measured by HPLC. At the beginning of the study, carotenoid levels did not differ between the two groups. Serum levels of lycopene increased in supplemented subjects; the other carotenoids did not change significantly, and no change in serum carotenoids was observed in the control group. At wk 10, dorsal erythema formation was 40% lower in the group that consumed tomato paste compared with controls (P = 0.02; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test). No significant difference between groups was found at wk 4 of treatment. The data demonstrate that it is feasible to achieve protection against UV light-induced erythema by ingestion of a commonly consumed dietary source of lycopene.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, studies conducted in humans supplemented with betacarotene or with a mix of carotenoids showed that the induction of erythema was less pronounced after UV exposure [181][182][183].”
From Sunlight damage to cellular DNA: focus on oxidatively generated lesions (2017) · cites this paper as [183]
In the citing paper
“The photoprotective effects of several carotenoids have been investigated by intervention studies in humans, in which a carotenoid-rich diet has been investigated for its ability to decrease the erythema size upon UV radiation exposure [104–106], even though a long period (at least ten weeks) is necessary for successful intervention [106].”
From Antioxidants from Plants Protect against Skin Photoaging (2018) · cites this paper as [104]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher
Mascio, P. D., Kaiser, S., & Sies, H. (1989) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(89)90467-0 · Cited by 2,238
Self-citationβ-Carotene: an Unusual Type of Lipid Antioxidant
Burton, G. W., & Ingold, K. U. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6710156 · Cited by 2,150
Vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids as antioxidants
Sies, H., & Stahl, W. (1995) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/62.6.1315s · Cited by 1,081
Self-citationAntioxidant activities of carotenes and xanthophylls
Miller, N. J., Sampson, J., Candeias, L. P., Bramley, P. M., & Rice-Evans, C. A. (1996) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00323-7 · Cited by 1,030
Beta‐carotene, carotenoids, and disease prevention in humans
Mayne, S. T. (1996) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.10.7.8635686 · Cited by 871
Lycopene: A Biologically Important Carotenoid for Humans?
Stahl, W., & Sies, H. (1996) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1996.0525 · Cited by 712
Self-citationLycopene is more bioavailable from tomato paste than from fresh tomatoes
Gärtner, C., Stahl, W., & Sies, H. (1997) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/66.1.116 · Cited by 701
Self-citationFree Radicals in Cutaneous Biology
Darr, D. J., & Fridovich, I. (1994) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12374036 · Cited by 394
The singlet oxygen and carotenoid interaction
Conn, P. F., Schalch, W., & Truscott, T. G. (1991) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/1011-1344(91)80266-k · Cited by 373
Why Do We Expect Carotenoids to be Antioxidantsin vivo?
Rice-Evans, C. A., Sampson, J., Bramley, P. M., & Holloway, D. E. (1997) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.3109/10715769709097818 · Cited by 353
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 30 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Gollnick, 1996, Systemic β-carotene plus topical sunscreen are an optimal protection against harmful effects of natural UV-sunlight: results of the Berlin-Eilath study, Eur. J. Dermatol, 6, 200
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–240 of 240
Characterization of Lycopene, β-Carotene, and Phenolic Compounds of Domestic Cherry Tomato Cultivars
Ahn, J. (2018) · Food Engineering Progress · doi:10.13050/foodengprog.2018.22.1.9 · Cited by 1
Quality characteristics of soft persimmon spread prepared with different functional saccharides
Choi, J.-Y., Cho, M.-G., & Moon, K. (2021) · Korean Journal of Food Preservation · doi:10.11002/kjfp.2021.28.2.209 · Cited by 1
Specialized plant metabolites in cosmeceuticals
Bhattu, M., & Kathuria, D. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19148-0.00001-2 · Cited by 1
Skin Cancer: Prevention and Early Detection
Sanghvi, A. R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00775-9_332 · Cited by 1
Plant derived Carotenoids: Chemistry and Biological properties
(2023) · international journal of green and herbal chemistry · doi:10.24214/ijghc/gc/12/2/14559 · Cited by 1
Pappas, A., Dessinioti, C., & Liakou, A. Ι. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69375-8_48 · Cited by 1
Lycopin‐ und β‐Carotinstabilität und ‐bioverfügbarkeit bei Möhrenprodukten
Mayer‐Miebach, E., Behsnilian, D., Regier, M., & Schuchmann, H. P. (2004) · Chemie Ingenieur Technik · doi:10.1002/cite.200403378 · Cited by 1
The Contribution of Dietary Nutrients and Supplements to Skin Health
Knaggs, H. E., Bartlett, M., Wood, S. M., Burke, D., & Namkoong, J. (2022) · Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1002/9781119676881.ch43 · Cited by 1
Yüregir, H. (2009) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.2009.01778.x
Nau, H., & Stahl, W. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9783527653058.ch1
Self-citationThe Contribution of Dietary Nutrients and Supplements to Skin Health
Knaggs, H. E., Wood, S. M., Burke, D., & Lephart, J. F. (2010) · Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1002/9781444317657.ch41
Skibsted, L. H., Dragsted, L. O., Dyerberg, J., Hansen, H. S., Kiens, B., Ovesen, L., & Tjønneland, A. M. (2006) · Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)
Beta-Carotene in the Treatment of Skin Disorders
Krautheim, A., & Gollnick, H. P. M. (2007) · Basic and clinical dermatology · doi:10.3109/9781420021189.017
Kasper, H. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-42013-9.00012-9
隆博, 稲. (2014) · 日本調理科学会誌 · doi:10.11402/cookeryscience.47.195
A pizza a day keeps sunburn away?
Stanner, S. A. (2001) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1046/j.1467-3010.2001.00197.x
UV Irradiations, Micronutrient Supplementation, and Cutaneous Health: Overview
Hosseini, S., & Mostafavi, S. (2012) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-167-7_3
Schliep, S., Erdmann, M., & Schuler‐Thurner, B. (2010) · Kinder- und Jugendmedizin · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1630857
Bernet, L., Kim, C., & Kim, J. J. (2013) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b15294-76
SKIN REDOX BALANCE MAINTENANCE: THE NEED FOR AN NRF2- ACTIVATORS DELIVERY SYSTEM
Greenwald, M. B., Sasson, S. B., Peled, H., & Kohen, R. (2016) · doi:10.18143/jisanh_v3i3_1457
INTAKE OF ORAL PHOTOPROTECTORS BY POSTMEN IN PORTO ALEGRE
dos Santos, K., Zandavalli, M. C. B., Forte, G. C., & Schneider, A. P. (2017) · Clinical & Biomedical Research · doi:10.4322/2357-9730.72137
Physicochemical Properties of Domestic Cherry Tomato Varieties
Ahn, J. (2017) · Culinary Science & Hospitality Research · doi:10.20878/cshr.2017.23.7.005
ŞARER, G. A. (2008) · Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi · doi:10.1501/eczfak_0000000496
Backx, I. M. A., & Jordaans, S. M. (2020) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-2596-2_2
van Hattem-Heutink, B. A. J. (2013) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-0510-0_64
Antioxidant Activities of Sonchus oleraceus L.
Mawalagedera, S. M. M. R. (2014) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17006254 · Cited by 4
The Contribution of Dietary Nutrients and Supplements to Skin Health
Knaggs, H. E., Wood, S. M., Burke, D., Lephart, J. F., & Namkoong, J. (2015) · Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1002/9781118655566.ch39
Doley, J. A., & Genebriera, J. (2006) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420003413.ch19
Brenner, M., Schwarz, T., Kerscher, M. J., Meigel, E., Bayerl, C., & Trüeb, R. M. (2007) · Fortschritte der praktischen Dermatologie und Venerologie · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30515-6_82
Traditional medicinal plants and skin disease
(2023) · Insights of Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research · doi:10.33140/icvpr.03.01.02
Formulation and Evaluation of Lip Balm using Tomato Extract to Select the Best Concentration of Base
Damale, A. P., Chavan, V. B., & Musale, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · doi:10.48175/ijarsct-18361
Molecular identification of Bacteria causing soft rot disease of tomato in Mansehra, Pakistan
Ullah, N., Ud-Din, A., Mahmood, T., Ali, H., Ali, W., Ghafoor, S., Khan, S., Faqir, S., & Khan, R. A. A. (2020) · International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) · doi:10.12692/ijb/17.2.207-217
Photoprotektive Wirkung von oral verabreichtem Lycopin und Lutein und deren Einfluss auf die Haut
Eisenhardt, A. (2014) · Univ. Duesseldorf: Duesseldorfer Dokumenten- und Publikationsserver
Encapsulation of Marine Compounds in Lipid Nanoparticles for Healthcare Products
Favas, R., Peixoto, A. F., Almeida, H., & Silva, A. C. (2026) · Springer handbooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-01636-2_38
Huang, H.-B., Zhang, Y., Su, Y.-W., Hou, S.-F., Wang, Q.-Q., Tang, S.-Q., Rao, P., Wang, Z., & Wang, J. Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1808021
Carotenoid status in man: effects on biomarkers of eye, skin and cardiovascular health
Broekmans, W. M. R. (2002) · doi:10.18174/198429
Attraktivität als Motivationsfaktor für gesundheitsförderliches Verhalten
Axt-Gadermann, M., & Firsching, N. (2011) · Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung · doi:10.1007/s11553-011-0319-9
Metadata
- Authors
- Stahl, W., Eichler, O., Sies, H., Heinrich, U., Wiseman, S., & Tronnier, H.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Witten/Herdecke University (DE)
- Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Stahl, Wilhelm
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-05
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1449-1451
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2131097530
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 10.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- tomato paste, lycopene, dietary carotenoids, photooxidative stress, skin photoprotection, serum carotenoid levels, beta-carotene, olive oil, solar simulator irradiation
- MeSH terms
- Lycopene, Adult, Aged, Carotenoids, Diet, Erythema, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Skin, Ultraviolet Rays, Solanum lycopersicum
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
