Cited by 419Cancer Risks and FactorsColorectal Cancer Screening and DetectionPhysical Activity and Health

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Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Body Size, and Colon Cancer in Women

Martinez, M. E., Giovannucci, E., Spiegelman, D., Willett, W. C., Hunter, D. J., Colditz, G. A.·1997·JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute

DOI 10.1093/jnci/89.13.948

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity and high body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters) have been linked to increased risk of colon cancer. However, none of the few prospective studies in women has shown a statistically significant reduction in colon cancer incidence or mortality associated with increased leisure-time physical activity. PURPOSE: In this prospective study, we asked whether leisure-time physical activity, body mass index, or body fat distribution could significantly influence the risk of colon cancer in women. METHODS: The participants in this study were enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study, which began in 1976. Every 2 years, the women provided additional personal information and information on medical risk factors and major medical events. The time spent per week at a variety of leisure-time physical activities was determined, and the time spent at each activity was multiplied by its typical energy expenditure, expressed in terms of metabolic equivalents or METs. The resulting values for each woman were added to yield an MET-hours-per-week score. Reported diagnoses of colon cancer were confirmed by review of hospital records and pathology reports. Relative risks and associated 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses that included body mass index, women who expended more than 21 MET-hours per week on leisure-time physical activity had a relative risk of colon cancer of 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33-0.90) in comparison with women who expended less than 2 MET-hours per week. Women who had a body mass index greater than 29 kg/m2 had a relative risk of colon cancer of 1.45 (95% CI = 1.02-2.07) in comparison with women who had a body mass index less than 21 kg/m2. A tendency toward higher colon cancer risk was observed for increasing waist-to-hip ratio (relative risk = 1.48 [95% CI = 0.88-2.49] for comparison of the highest quintile ratio [>0.833] to the lowest [<0.728]). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The significant inverse association between leisure-time physical activity and incidence of colon cancer in women in this study is consistent with what has been found in men. Recommendations to increase physical activity and maintain lean body weight should receive greater emphasis as part of a feasible approach to the prevention of colon cancer.

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Authors: Martinez, M. E., Giovannucci, E., Spiegelman, D., Willett, W. C., Hunter, D. J., & Colditz, G. A.
Affiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Colditz, G. A.
ORCID: Giovannucci, E.
Spiegelman, D.
Willett, W. C.
Colditz, G. A.
Venue: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1997-07-02
Volume: 89
Issue: 13
Pages: 948-955
ISSN: 0027-8874 (ISSN-L)
1460-2105
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/89.13.948
OpenAlex: W2101675272
Cited by: 419
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 5.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL035464, HL35464)
National Cancer Institute (CA-40356)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: leisure-time physical activity, colon cancer, body mass index, body fat distribution, waist-to-hip ratio, women, cancer risk, energy expenditure, metabolic equivalents, colon cancer prevention, Nurses' Health Study
MeSH terms: Adult, Body Constitution, Body Weight, Colonic Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Leisure Activities, Middle Aged, Risk, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Women's Health

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Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Body Size, and Colon Cancer in Women

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