Body fatness at an early age and risk of colorectal cancer
Open accessAbstract
While there is convincing evidence that excess body fatness in adulthood is positively associated with colorectal cancer risk, the association between body fatness at an early age (≤30 years) and the risk of colorectal cancer has been equivocal. The present meta‐analysis was performed to clarify this association. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies that investigated this association. The risk estimates from each study were transformed into a continuous variable for each 5 kg/m 2 increase in body mass index (BMI). A random effects model was used to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 15 observational studies (13 cohort studies and two case‐control studies) were included in this meta‐analysis. Each 5 kg/m 2 increase in BMI was significantly associated with a 13% (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.08, 1.19), 17% (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.09, 1.25) and 8% (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04, 1.11) higher risk of colorectal cancer overall, in men, and in women, respectively. Substantial heterogeneity was observed across studies. Based on the anatomic subsite, each 5 kg/m 2 increase in BMI was significantly associated with a 14% (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07, 1.22) higher risk of colon cancer, whereas no association (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.95, 1.13) was observed with rectal cancer. In summary, body fatness at an early age may affect colon cancer risk later in life. Prevention of overweight and obesity in young individuals should be emphasized to prevent early‐onset colon cancer attributed to excess body fatness.
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Overweight or obesity may interact additively with diabetes to further increase cancer risk and mortality.
“There also may be an additive interaction of overweight or obesity with DM, further increasing cancer risk and mortality.1731,1732”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [1732]
The discussion (p. 735) links excess body fatness to diabetes-related metabolic changes and reports that type 2 diabetes is associated with higher colorectal cancer risk; the results (p. 731) also associate higher BMI with higher colorectal cancer risk. The paper does not report an additive interaction between overweight or obesity and diabetes, or an effect of that combination on cancer mortality. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPersons who are overweight or obese may have increased risk of a variety of cancers, although risk may be modified by age, sex, race, menopausal status, duration of obesity, adiposity distribution, and presence of additional metabolic syndrome components.
“Persons who are overweight (>25 kg/m2) or obese (>30 kg/m2) may have an increased risk of a variety of cancers, although risk may be modified by age, sex, race, menopausal status, duration of obesity, anthropomorphic distribution of adiposity, and the presence of additional metabolic syndrome components.1730,1732–1738”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [1732]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDiabetes is reported to be associated with the risk of specific cancers, although isolating diabetes-associated risk from comorbid obesity is challenging.
“DM also is reported to be associated with the risk of specific cancers, although it is challenging to isolate DM-associated risk from that of comorbid obesity.1732”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [1732]
The discussion (p. 735) reports an association between type 2 diabetes and higher colorectal cancer risk and links excess body fatness to metabolic abnormalities that may lead to diabetes. It does not say that separating diabetes-associated cancer risk from the risk associated with comorbid obesity is challenging; its cancer-risk discussion is also limited to colorectal cancer. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere may be cancer detection bias from increased screening after diabetes diagnosis, although evidence also suggests persons with diabetes may be underscreened for certain cancers compared with those without diabetes.
“There also may be cancer detection bias with increased screening after diagnosis of DM,1732 although there also is evidence that persons with DM may be underscreened for certain cancers compared to those without DM.1764”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [1732]
The discussion on p. 735 links diabetes to colorectal cancer risk, but does not address screening after a diabetes diagnosis. Searches for increased screening, detection bias, and underscreening found no passage in our copy supporting either screening claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Hidayat, K., Yang, C., & Shi, B.
- Affiliations
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Shi, Bi‐Min
- Venue
- International Journal of Cancer
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-10-26
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 729-740
- ISSN
- 0020-7136 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0215
- OpenAlex
- W2763207225
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- adiposity, body mass index, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, early-onset cancer, childhood obesity, young adults, cancer risk, overweight prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Colorectal Neoplasms, Body Mass Index, Adiposity, Body Fat Distribution, Young Adult, Observational Studies as Topic
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