The DOI matches its Crossref record; 155 of the 155 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dynamical modelling of the galactic bulge and bar: the Milky Way's pattern speed, stellar and dark matter mass distribution
Open accessAbstract
We construct a large set of dynamical models of the galactic bulge, bar and inner disc using the made-to-measure method. Our models are constrained to match the red clump giant density from a combination of the VVV, UKIDSS and 2MASS infrared surveys together with stellar kinematics in the bulge from the BRAVA and OGLE surveys, and in the entire bar region from the ARGOS Survey. We are able to recover the bar pattern speed and the stellar and dark matter mass distributions in the bar region, thus recovering the entire galactic effective potential. We find a bar pattern speed of 39.0 ± 3.5 km s− 1 kpc− 1, placing the bar corotation radius at 6.1 ± 0.5 kpc and making the Milky Way bar a typical fast rotator. We evaluate the stellar mass of the long bar and bulge structure to be Mbar/bulge = 1.88 ± 0.12 × 1010 M⊙, larger than the mass of disc in the bar region, Minner disc = 1.29 ± 0.12 × 1010 M⊙. The total dynamical mass in the bulge volume is 1.85 ± 0.05 × 1010 M⊙. Thanks to more extended kinematic data sets and recent measurement of the bulge initial mass function, our models have a low dark matter fraction in the bulge of 17 ± 2 per cent. We find a dark matter density profile which flattens to a shallow cusp or core in the bulge region. Finally, we find dynamical evidence for an extra central mass of ∼ 0.2 × 1010 M⊙, probably in a nuclear disc or discy pseudo-bulge.
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Citations
Cites
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Sorted by citations
The mass distribution and gravitational potential of the Milky Way
McMillan, P. J. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2759 · Cited by 1,099
Katz, D., Antoja, T., Romero-Gómez, M., Drimmel, R., Reylé, C., Seabroke, G. M., Soubiran, C., Babusiaux, C., Matteo, P. D., Figueras, F., et al. (2018) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832865 · Cited by 417
The Circular Velocity Curve of the Milky Way from 5 to 25 kpc
Eilers, A.-C., Hogg, D. W., Rix, H.-W., & Ness, M. K. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf648 · Cited by 404
Self-citationThe milky way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2
Cautun, M., Benítez-Llambay, A., Deason, A. J., Frenk, C. S., Fattahi, A., Gómez, F. A., Grand, R. J. J., Oman, K. A., Navarro, J. F., & Simpson, C. M. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1017 · Cited by 332
“Also, for the same reason we do not model the complicated geometry of the stellar distribution at the centre of the MW, i.e. peanut bulge and bar (e.g. Portail et al. 2017), since it has only minor effects on the gravitational field at R > 5 kpc.”
BackgroundThe Milky Way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2
Cautun, M., Benitez-Llambay, A., Deason, A. J., Frenk, C. S., Fattahi, A., Gómez, F. A., Grand, R. J. J., Oman, K. A., Navarro, J. F., & Simpson, C. M. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1911.04557 · Cited by 335
Metadata
- Authors
- Portail, M., Gerhard, O., Wegg, C., & Ness, M.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Portail, Matthieu
- Gerhard, Ortwin
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-11-03
- Volume
- 465
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1621-1644
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W2555440354
- Cited by
- 378
- References
- 154
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 16.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Keywords
- Galactic bulge, galactic bars, bar pattern speed, red clump giants, stellar kinematics, effective potential, nuclear discs
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