The DOI matches its Crossref record; 129 of the 129 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Comparative genomics of defense systems in archaea and bacteria
Open accessAbstract
Our knowledge of prokaryotic defense systems has vastly expanded as the result of comparative genomic analysis, followed by experimental validation. This expansion is both quantitative, including the discovery of diverse new examples of known types of defense systems, such as restriction-modification or toxin-antitoxin systems, and qualitative, including the discovery of fundamentally new defense mechanisms, such as the CRISPR-Cas immunity system. Large-scale statistical analysis reveals that the distribution of different defense systems in bacterial and archaeal taxa is non-uniform, with four groups of organisms distinguishable with respect to the overall abundance and the balance between specific types of defense systems. The genes encoding defense system components in bacterial and archaea typically cluster in defense islands. In addition to genes encoding known defense systems, these islands contain numerous uncharacterized genes, which are candidates for new types of defense systems. The tight association of the genes encoding immunity systems and dormancy- or cell death-inducing defense systems in prokaryotic genomes suggests that these two major types of defense are functionally coupled, providing for effective protection at the population level.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED: Bacterial persistence by RNA endonucleases
Maisonneuve, E., Shakespeare, L. J., Jørgensen, M. G., & Gerdes, K. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1100186108 · Cited by 475
RetractedA Programmable Dual-RNA–Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity
Jinek, M., Chylinski, K., Fonfara, I., Hauer, M., Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, E. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1225829 · Cited by 17,116
Estimating the Number of Clusters in a Data Set Via the Gap Statistic
Tibshirani, R., Walther, G., & Hastie, T. (2001) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00293 · Cited by 6,205
CRISPR Provides Acquired Resistance Against Viruses in Prokaryotes
Barrangou, R., Fremaux, C., Deveau, H., Richards, M., Boyaval, P., Moineau, S., Romero, D. A., & Horvath, P. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1138140 · Cited by 5,947
Gasiunas, G., Barrangou, R., Horvath, P., & Siksnys, V. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1208507109 · Cited by 2,769
CRISPR RNA Maturation by Trans-Encoded Small RNA and Host Factor RNase III
Deltcheva, E., Chylinski, K., Sharma, C. M., Gonzales, K., Chao, Y., Pirzada, Z. A., Eckert, M. R., Vogel, J., & Charpentier, E. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09886 · Cited by 2,563
Bacteriophage resistance mechanisms
Labrie, S. J., Samson, J. E., & Moineau, S. (2010) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2315 · Cited by 2,397
Evolution and classification of the CRISPR–Cas systems
Makarova, K. S., Haft, D. H., Barrangou, R., Brouns, S. J. J., Charpentier, E., Horvath, P., Moineau, S., Mojica, F. J. M., Wolf, Y. I., Yakunin, A. F., et al. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2577 · Cited by 2,331
Self-citationThe CRISPR/Cas bacterial immune system cleaves bacteriophage and plasmid DNA
Garneau, J. E., Dupuis, M.-È., Villion, M., Romero, D. A., Barrangou, R., Boyaval, P., Fremaux, C., Horvath, P., Magadán, A. H., & Moineau, S. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09523 · Cited by 2,328
Intervening Sequences of Regularly Spaced Prokaryotic Repeats Derive from Foreign Genetic Elements
Mojica, F. J. M., D�ez-Villase�or, C., Garc�a-Mart�nez, J., & Soria, E. (2005) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-004-0046-3 · Cited by 2,042
Cited by
An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems
Makarova, K. S., Wolf, Y. I., Alkhnbashi, O. S., Costa, F., Shah, S. A., Saunders, S. J., Barrangou, R., Brouns, S. J. J., Charpentier, E., Haft, D. H., et al. (2015) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3569 · Cited by 2,480
Self-citationDiversity and evolution of class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems
Shmakov, S., Smargon, A., Scott, D., Cox, D., Pyzocha, N., Yan, W., Abudayyeh, O. O., Gootenberg, J. S., Makarova, K. S., Wolf, Y. I., et al. (2017) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.184 · Cited by 1,029
Self-citationClassification and evolution of type II CRISPR-Cas systems
Chylinski, K., Makarova, K. S., Charpentier, E., & Koonin, E. V. (2014) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gku241 · Cited by 498
Self-citationOliveira, P. H., Touchon, M., & Rocha, E. P. C. (2014) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gku734 · Cited by 354
Recruitment of CRISPR-Cas systems by Tn7-like transposons
Peters, J. E., Makarova, K. S., Shmakov, S., & Koonin, E. V. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1709035114 · Cited by 292
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Makarova, K. S., Wolf, Y. I., & Koonin, E. V.
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-03-06
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4360-4377
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- OpenAlex
- W2095624846
- Cited by
- 435
- References
- 129
- FWCI
- 15.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Comparative genomics of defense systems in archaea and bacteria. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/nar/gkt157
- The paper
- Makarova, K. S., Wolf, Y. I., & Koonin, E. V. (2013). Comparative genomics of defense systems in archaea and bacteria. Nucleic Acids Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt157
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
