RNA circularization strategies in vivo and in vitro
Open accessAbstract
In the plenitude of naturally occurring RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) and their biological role were underestimated for years. However, circRNAs are ubiquitous in all domains of life, including eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria and viruses, where they can fulfill diverse biological functions. Some of those functions, as for example playing a role in the life cycle of viral and viroid genomes or in the maturation of tRNA genes, have been elucidated; other putative functions still remain elusive. Due to the resistance to exonucleases, circRNAs are promising tools for in vivo application as aptamers, trans-cleaving ribozymes or siRNAs. How are circRNAs generated in vivo and what approaches do exist to produce ring-shaped RNAs in vitro? In this review we illustrate the occurrence and mechanisms of RNA circularization in vivo, survey methods for the generation of circRNA in vitro and provide appropriate protocols.
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A ribozymatic method utilizing a permuted group I catalytic intron is more applicable to long RNA circularization and requires only addition of GTP and Mg2+ as cofactors.
“A ribozymatic method utilizing a permuted group I catalytic intron has been reported to be more applicable to long RNA circularization and requires only the addition of GTP and Mg2+ as cofactors17.”
From Engineering circular RNA for potent and stable translation in eukaryotic cells (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
The CIRCULARIZATION IN VITRO and PIE method sections (page unavailable) describe permuted group I introns as promising for larger RNA circles and report circles of 71–1130 nucleotides. They do not say that the method requires only GTP and Mg2+ as cofactors; searches for those terms did not establish that requirement. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn vitro, PIE constructs undergo double transesterification reactions characteristic of group I catalytic introns, but because exons are already fused they are excised as covalently 5′ to 3′ linked circles.
“In vitro, these constructs undergo the double transesterification reactions characteristic of group I catalytic introns, but because the exons are already fused they are excised as covalently 5′ to 3′ linked circles17 (Fig. 1a).”
From Engineering circular RNA for potent and stable translation in eukaryotic cells (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
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Systematic characterization of non‐coding RNAs in triple‐negative breast cancer
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circROBO1 promotes prostate cancer growth and enzalutamide resistance via accelerating glycolysis
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CircRNA as an Achilles heel of cancer: characterization, biomarker and therapeutic modalities
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A flexible, efficient, and scalable platform to produce circular RNAs as new therapeuticsPreprint
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Therapeutic mRNA Engineering from Head to Tail
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Efficient circular RNA synthesis for potent rolling circle translation
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- Authors
- Petkovic, S., & Müller, S.
- Affiliations
- Universität Greifswald (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Müller, Sabine
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-02-06
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2454-2465
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC4344496
- OpenAlex
- W2121626677
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Oxford
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Circular RNAs in diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- circular RNA, RNA circularization, aptamers, siRNA, tRNA maturation, RNA biogenesis
- MeSH terms
- RNA, Circular, Exons, Introns, RNA Ligase (ATP), RNA, RNA, Viral, RNA, Archaeal
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