DGIdb 2.0: mining clinically relevant drug–gene interactions
Open accessAbstract
The Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb, www.dgidb.org) is a web resource that consolidates disparate data sources describing drug-gene interactions and gene druggability. It provides an intuitive graphical user interface and a documented application programming interface (API) for querying these data. DGIdb was assembled through an extensive manual curation effort, reflecting the combined information of twenty-seven sources. For DGIdb 2.0, substantial updates have been made to increase content and improve its usefulness as a resource for mining clinically actionable drug targets. Specifically, nine new sources of drug-gene interactions have been added, including seven resources specifically focused on interactions linked to clinical trials. These additions have more than doubled the overall count of drug-gene interactions. The total number of druggable gene claims has also increased by 30%. Importantly, a majority of the unrestricted, publicly-accessible sources used in DGIdb are now automatically updated on a weekly basis, providing the most current information for these sources. Finally, a new web view and API have been developed to allow searching for interactions by drug identifiers to complement existing gene-based search functionality. With these updates, DGIdb represents a comprehensive and user friendly tool for mining the druggable genome for precision medicine hypothesis generation.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Top enriched pathways for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pointed to candidate cardiomyocyte-specific therapeutic targets including ADCY5 and druggable targets including SRPK3.
“Top enriched pathways for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pointed to candidate cardiomyocyte-specific therapeutic targets including ADCY5, disruption of which is associated with longevity and protection against cardiomyopathy in mouse models40, as well as druggable targets41 including SRPK3, a downstream effector of MEF242 which is known to play a critical role in myocardial cell hypertrophy43.”
From Transfer learning enables predictions in network biology (2023) · cites this paper as [41]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes DGIdb as a resource for checking whether candidate genes belong to potentially druggable categories, supporting the citation’s use for identifying druggable targets. Our copy does not identify SRPK3 as druggable or link it to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, so it does not support that specific example. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Trends in the exploitation of novel drug targets
Rask-Andersen, M., Almén, M. S., & Schiöth, H. B. (2011) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd3478 · Cited by 853 · see citing works
Rask-Andersen, M., Masuram, S., & Schiöth, H. B. (2014) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011613-135943 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 28
- [1]Collins F.S. Varmus H. A new initiative on precision medicine N. Engl. J. Med. 2015 372 793 795 25635347 PMC5101938
- [2]Gonzalez-Garay M.L. The road from next-generation sequencing to personalized medicine Per Med. 2014 11 523 544 26000024 PMC4437232
- [3]Gargis A.S. Kalman L. Berry M.W. Bick D.P. Dimmock D.P. Hambuch T. Lu F. Lyon E. Voelkerding K.V. Zehnbauer B.A. Assuring the quality of next-generation sequencing in clinical laboratory practice Nat. Biotechnol. 2012 30 1033 1036 23138292 PMC3827024
- [4]Adams V.R. Harvey R.D. Histological and genetic markers for non-small-cell lung cancer: customizing treatment based on individual tumor biology Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 2010 67 S3 S9 quiz S15–16 20044377
- [5]Lamparella N. Barochia A. Almokadem S. Impact of genetic markers on treatment of non-small cell lung cancer Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2013 779 145 164 23288638
- [6]Pawson A.J. Sharman J.L. Benson H.E. Faccenda E. Alexander S.P. Buneman O.P. Davenport A.P. McGrath J.C. Peters J.A. Southan C. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY: an expert-driven knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 42 D1098 1106 24234439 PMC3965070
- [7]Zhu F. Shi Z. Qin C. Tao L. Liu X. Xu F. Zhang L. Song Y. Liu X. Zhang J. Therapeutic target database update 2012: a resource for facilitating target-oriented drug discovery Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 40 D1128 1136 21948793 PMC3245130
- [8]Yeh P. Chen H. Andrews J. Naser R. Pao W. Horn L. DNA-Mutation Inventory to Refine and Enhance Cancer Treatment (DIRECT): a catalog of clinically relevant cancer mutations to enable genome-directed anticancer therapy Clin. Cancer Res. 2013 19 1894 1901 23344264 PMC4121886
- [9]McDonagh E.M. Whirl-Carrillo M. Garten Y. Altman R.B. Klein T.E. From pharmacogenomic knowledge acquisition to clinical applications: the PharmGKB as a clinical pharmacogenomic biomarker resource Biomark Med. 2011 5 795 806 22103613 PMC3339046
- [10]Law V. Knox C. Djoumbou Y. Jewison T. Guo A.C. Liu Y. Maciejewski A. Arndt D. Wilson M. Neveu V. DrugBank 4.0: shedding new light on drug metabolism Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 42 D1091 1097 24203711 PMC3965102
- [11]Edwards A.M. Isserlin R. Bader G.D. Frye S.V. Willson T.M. Yu F.H. Too many roads not taken Nature 2011 470 163 165 21307913
- [12]Hopkins A.L. Groom C.R. The druggable genome Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2002 1 727 730 12209152
- [13]Kumar R.D. Chang L.W. Ellis M.J. Bose R. Prioritizing potentially druggable mutations with dGene: an annotation tool for cancer genome sequencing data PLoS One 2013 8 e67980 23826350 PMC3694871
- [16]Russ A.P. Lampel S. The druggable genome: an update Drug Discov. Today 2005 10 1607 1610 16376820
- [18]Somaiah N. Simon N.G. Simon G.R. A tabulated summary of targeted and biologic therapies for non-small-cell lung cancer J. Thorac. Oncol. 2012 7 S342 368 23160320
- [19]Wagle N. Berger M.F. Davis M.J. Blumenstiel B. Defelice M. Pochanard P. Ducar M. Van Hummelen P. Macconaill L.E. Hahn W.C. High-throughput detection of actionable genomic alterations in clinical tumor samples by targeted, massively parallel sequencing Cancer Discov. 2012 2 82 93 22585170 PMC3353152
- [20]Cheng D.T. Mitchell T.N. Zehir A. Shah R.H. Benayed R. Syed A. Chandramohan R. Liu Z.Y. Won H.H. Scott S.N. Memorial sloan kettering-integrated mutation profiling of actionable cancer targets (MSK-IMPACT): a hybridization capture-based next-generation sequencing clinical assay for solid tumor molecular oncology J. Mol. Diagn. 2015 17 251 264 25801821 PMC5808190
- [21]Griffith M. Griffith O.L. Coffman A.C. Weible J.V. McMichael J.F. Spies N.C. Koval J. Das I. Callaway M.B. Eldred J.M. DGIdb: mining the druggable genome Nat. Methods 2013 10 1209 1210 24122041 PMC3851581
- [22]Hart S.N. Moore R.M. Zimmermann M.T. Oliver G.R. Egan J.B. Bryce A.H. Kocher J.P. PANDA: pathway and annotation explorer for visualizing and interpreting gene-centric data PeerJ 2015 3 e970 26038725 PMC4451017
- [23]Wu C. Orozco C. Boyer J. Leglise M. Goodale J. Batalov S. Hodge C.L. Haase J. Janes J. Huss J.W.3rd BioGPS: an extensible and customizable portal for querying and organizing gene annotation resources Genome Biol. 2009 10 R130 19919682 PMC3091323
- [24]Fisch K.M. Meissner T. Gioia L. Ducom J.C. Carland T.M. Loguercio S. Su A.I. Omics Pipe: a community-based framework for reproducible multi-omics data analysis Bioinformatics 2015 31 1724 1728 25637560 PMC4443682
- [25]Paila U. Chapman B.A. Kirchner R. Quinlan A.R. GEMINI: integrative exploration of genetic variation and genome annotations PLoS Comput. Biol. 2013 9 e1003153 23874191 PMC3715403
- [26]Gene Ontology, C. Gene Ontology Consortium: going forward Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 43 D1049 D1056 25428369 PMC4383973
- [27]Dienstmann R. Dong F. Borger D. Dias-Santagata D. Ellisen L.W. Le L.P. Iafrate A.J. Standardized decision support in next generation sequencing reports of somatic cancer variants Mol. Oncol. 2014 8 859 873 24768039 PMC5528527
- [28]Bento A.P. Gaulton A. Hersey A. Bellis L.J. Chambers J. Davies M. Kruger F.A. Light Y. Mak L. McGlinchey S. The ChEMBL bioactivity database: an update Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 42 D1083 1090 24214965 PMC3965067
- [29]Kandoth C. McLellan M.D. Vandin F. Ye K. Niu B. Lu C. Xie M. Zhang Q. McMichael J.F. Wyczalkowski M.A. Mutational landscape and significance across 12 major cancer types Nature 2013 502 333 339 24132290 PMC3927368
- [30]Brown G.R. Hem V. Katz K.S. Ovetsky M. Wallin C. Ermolaeva O. Tolstoy I. Tatusova T. Pruitt K.D. Maglott D.R. Gene: a gene-centered information resource at NCBI Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 43 D36 D42 25355515 PMC4383897
- [32]Cunningham F. Amode M. Barrell D. Beal K. Ensembl 2015 Nucleic Acids Res 2015 43 D662 D669 25352552 PMC4383879
Cited by
Sorted by citations
eQTLGen, Wray, N. R., 23andMe, the Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Ripke, S., Mattheisen, M., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E. M., Abdellaoui, A., Adams, M. J., et al. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0090-3 · Cited by 3,005 · see citing works
Defining a Cancer Dependency Map
Tsherniak, A., Vazquez, F., Montgomery, P. G., Weir, B. A., Kryukov, G., Cowley, G. S., Gill, S., Harrington, W. F., Pantel, S., Krill-Burger, J. M., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.010 · Cited by 3,276 · see citing works
Mullins, N., Forstner, A. J., O’Connell, K. S., Coombes, B., Coleman, J. R. I., Qiao, Z., Als, T. D., Bigdeli, T. B., Børte, S., Bryois, J., et al. (2021) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00857-4 · Cited by 1,517 · see citing works
Transfer learning enables predictions in network biology
Theodoris, C. V., Xiao, L., Chopra, A., Chaffin, M. D., Al Sayed, Z. R., Hill, M. C., Mantineo, H., Brydon, E. M., Zeng, Z., Liu, X. S., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06139-9 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works
Biobank-driven genomic discovery yields new insight into atrial fibrillation biology
Nielsen, J. B., Thorolfsdottir, R. B., Fritsche, L. G., Zhou, W., Skov, M. W., Graham, S. E., Herron, T. J., McCarthy, S., Schmidt, E. M., Sveinbjornsson, G., et al. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0171-3 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Whole genome sequencing resource identifies 18 new candidate genes for autism spectrum disorder
C Yuen, R. K., Merico, D., Bookman, M., L Howe, J., Thiruvahindrapuram, B., Patel, R. V., Whitney, J., Deflaux, N., Bingham, J., Wang, Z., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4524 · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Genome-Informed Targeted Therapy for Osteosarcoma
Sayles, L. C., Breese, M. R., Koehne, A. L., Leung, S. G., Lee, A. G., Liu, H.-Y., Spillinger, A., Shah, A. T., Tanasa, B., Straessler, K., et al. (2019) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1152 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Pharos: collating protein information to shed light on the druggable genome
Nguyen, D.-T., Mathias, S., Bologa, C., Brunak, S., Fernandez, N., Gaulton, A., Hersey, A., Holmes, J., Jensen, L. J., Karlsson, A., et al. (2017) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkw1072 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
The DrugAge Database of Aging-Related Drugs
Barardo, D., Thornton, D., Thoppil, H., Walsh, M., Sharifi, S., Ferreira, S., Anžič, A., Fernandes, M., Monteiro, P., Grum, T., et al. (2017) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12585 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Docherty, A. R., Mullins, N., Ashley-Koch, A. E., Qin, X., Coleman, J. R. I., Shabalin, A., Kang, J., Murnyak, B., Wendt, F., Adams, M., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21121266 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Exploration of databases and methods supporting drug repurposing: a comprehensive survey
Tanoli, Z., Seemab, U., Scherer, A., Wennerberg, K., Tang, J., & Vähä-Koskela, M. (2021) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa003 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wagner, A. H., Coffman, A. C., Ainscough, B. J., Spies, N. C., Skidmore, Z. L., Campbell, K. M., Krysiak, K., Pan, D., McMichael, J. F., Eldred, J. M., Walker, J. R., Wilson, R. K., Mardis, E. R., Griffith, M., & Griffith, O. L.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Griffith, Obi L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-11-03
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- D1
- Pages
- D1036-D1044
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC4702839
- OpenAlex
- W2202954603
- Cited by
- 413
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 23
- FWCI
- 52.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Human Genome Research Institute (U54HG003079, R00HG007940, K99HG007940)
- National Cancer Institute (K22CA188163, T32CA113275)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
- Keywords
- drug-gene interactions, druggable genome, precision medicine, drug target prioritization, database curation, web API
- MeSH terms
- Genes, Ligands, Drug Discovery, Data Mining, Databases, Pharmaceutical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review