Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 691

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Glioma cancer stem cells induce immunosuppressive macrophages/microglia

Open access
Wu, Adam, Wei, Jun, Kong, Ling-Yuan, Wang, Yongtao, Priebe, Waldemar, Qiao, Wei, Sawaya, Raymond, Heimberger, Amy B.·2010·Neuro-Oncology

Abstract

Macrophages (MΦs)/microglia that constitute the dominant tumor-infiltrating immune cells in glioblastoma are recruited by tumor-secreted factors and are induced to become immunosuppressive and tumor supportive (M2). Glioma cancer stem cells (gCSCs) have been shown to suppress adaptive immunity, but their role in innate immunity with respect to the recruitment and polarization of MΦs/microglia is unknown. The innate immunosuppressive properties of the gCSCs were characterized based on elaborated MΦ inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), soluble colony-stimulating factor (sCSF), recruitment of monocytes, inhibition of MΦ/microglia phagocytosis, induction of MΦ/microglia cytokine secretion, and the inhibition of T-cell proliferation. The role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in mediating innate immune suppression was evaluated in the context of the functional assays. The gCSCs produced sCSF-1, TGF-β1, and MIC-1, cytokines known to recruit and polarize the MΦs/microglia to become immunosuppressive. The gCSC-conditioned medium polarized the MΦ/microglia to an M2 phenotype, inhibited MΦ/microglia phagocytosis, induced the secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and TGF-β1 by the MΦs/microglia, and enhanced the capacity of MΦs/microglia to inhibit T-cell proliferation. The inhibition of phagocytosis and the secretion of IL-10 were reversed when the STAT3 pathway was blocked in the gCSCs. The gCSCs modulate innate immunity in glioblastoma by inducing immunosuppressive MΦs/microglia, and this capacity can be reversed by inhibiting phosphorylated STAT3.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/neuonc/noq082

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 9 references

Cited by

See all 691

Metadata

Authors
Wu, A., Wei, J., Kong, L.-Y., Wang, Y., Priebe, W., Qiao, W., Sawaya, R., & Heimberger, A. B.
Venue
Neuro-Oncology
Published
2010-07-28
Volume
12
Issue
11
Pages
1113-1125
ISSN
  • 1522-8517 (ISSN-L)
  • 1523-5866
OpenAlex
W2125521995
Cited by
691
References
9
FWCI
12.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Glioma cancer stem cells induce immunosuppressive macrophages/microglia. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/neuonc/noq082
The paper
Wu, A., Wei, J., Kong, L.-Y., Wang, Y., Priebe, W., Qiao, W., Sawaya, R., & Heimberger, A. B. (2010). Glioma cancer stem cells induce immunosuppressive macrophages/microglia. Neuro-Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noq082

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.