The role of microglia and macrophages in glioma maintenance and progression
Open accessAbstract
There is a growing recognition that gliomas are complex tumors composed of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, which each individually contribute to cancer formation, progression and response to treatment. The majority of the non-neoplastic cells are tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), either of peripheral origin or representing brain-intrinsic microglia, that create a supportive stroma for neoplastic cell expansion and invasion. TAMs are recruited to the glioma environment, have immune functions, and can release a wide array of growth factors and cytokines in response to those factors produced by cancer cells. In this manner, TAMs facilitate tumor proliferation, survival and migration. Through such iterative interactions, a unique tumor ecosystem is established, which offers new opportunities for therapeutic targeting.
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This is the first study to provide direct evidence that chronic stress is sufficient to allow infiltration of circulating cytokines in the absence of local mechanical trauma or a brain tumor.
“To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct evidence that chronic stress is sufficient to allow infiltration of circulating cytokines in the absence of local mechanical trauma or a brain tumor41, 42.”
From Social stress induces neurovascular pathology promoting depression (2017) · cites this paper as [42]
The ‘Origins of glioma associated microglia and macrophages’ section (page unavailable) discusses infiltration of blood-derived monocytes into the diseased CNS, and ‘TAM recruitment’ describes macrophages accumulating around gliomas. This supports the brain-tumor comparison, but the paper does not report infiltration of circulating cytokines or show that chronic stress is sufficient to cause it. The ‘first study’ characterization is the citing authors’ own conclusion. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Hambardzumyan, D., Gutmann, D. H., & Kettenmann, H.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Max Delbrück Center (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kettenmann, Helmut
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2015-12-29
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-27
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC4876023
- OpenAlex
- W2220215167
- Cited by
- 1,683
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 185 · 2025: 158 · 2024: 200 · 2023: 190 · 2022: 218 · 2021: 206 · 2020: 179 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 96 · 2017: 84 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 6.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MDC Repository (Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH, W81XWH-13)
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- Cleveland Clinic
- National Cancer Institute (U01CA160882)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- glioma, tumor-associated macrophages, microglia, tumor microenvironment, tumor stroma, glioma progression, tumor cell migration, cytokines, growth factors, therapeutic targeting
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Glioma, Humans, Macrophages, Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Microglia, Disease Progression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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