Mortality from smoking worldwide
Abstract
Estimates are made of the numbers and proportions of deaths attributable to smoking in 44 developed countries in 1990. In developed countries as a whole, tobacco was responsible for 24% of all male deaths and 7% of all female deaths, rising to over 40% in men in some former socialist economies and 17% in women in the USA. The average loss of life for all cigarette smokers was about 8 years and for those whose deaths were attributable to tobacco about 16 years. Trends in mortality attributable to tobacco differed between countries. In some the mortality in middle age (35-69 years) had decreased by half in men since 1965; in others it was continuing to increase. In women, the proportion was mostly increasing, almost universally in old age. Mortality not attributable to smoking decreased since 1955 in all OECD (Organization for European Collaboration and Development) countries, by up to 60% in men and more in women. No precise estimate can be made of the number of deaths attributable to smoking in undeveloped countries, but the prevalence of smoking suggests that it will be large. In the world as a whole, some 3 million deaths a year are estimated to be attributable to smoking, rising to 10 million a year in 30-40 years' time.
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Smoking is the leading cause of disease burden in many countries.
“smoking is the leading cause of disease burden in many countries.[3][4][5][6][7]”
From Evolution of the global smoking epidemic over the past half century: strengthening the evidence base for policy action (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
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Hanewinkel, R., & Sargent, J. D. (2007) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.025 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
- Authors
- Peto, R., Lopez, A. D., Boreham, J., Thun, M., Heath, C., & Doll, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- American Cancer Society (US)
- ORCID
- Peto, R.
- Venue
- British Medical Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1996-01-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12-21
- ISSN
- 0007-1420 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-8391
- OpenAlex
- W2115371904
- Cited by
- 638
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 8.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Medical Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Keywords
- smoking, smoking-related mortality, attributable mortality, global mortality estimates, sex differences in mortality, mortality trends, developed countries, former socialist economies
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Life Expectancy, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Smoking, Developed Countries
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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