Behavioural Risk Factors in Mid-Life Associated with Successful Ageing, Disability, Dementia and Frailty in Later Life: A Rapid Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet and low levels of physical activity significantly contribute to the burden of illness in developed countries. Whilst the links between specific and multiple risk behaviours and individual chronic conditions are well documented, the impact of these behaviours in mid-life across a range of later life outcomes has yet to be comprehensively assessed. This review aimed to provide an overview of behavioural risk factors in mid-life that are associated with successful ageing and the primary prevention or delay of disability, dementia, frailty and non-communicable chronic conditions. METHODS: A literature search was conducted to identify cohort studies published in English since 2000 up to Dec 2014. Multivariate analyses and a minimum follow-up of five years were required for inclusion. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts and papers independently. Studies were assessed for quality. Evidence was synthesised by mid-life behavioural risk for a range of late life outcomes. FINDINGS: This search located 10,338 individual references, of which 164 are included in this review. Follow-up data ranged from five years to 36 years. Outcomes include dementia, frailty, disability and cardiovascular disease. There is consistent evidence of beneficial associations between mid-life physical activity, healthy ageing and disease outcomes. Across all populations studied there is consistent evidence that mid-life smoking has a detrimental effect on health. Evidence specific to alcohol consumption was mixed. Limited, but supportive, evidence was available relating specifically to mid-life diet, leisure and social activities or health inequalities. CONCLUSIONS: There is consistent evidence of associations between mid-life behaviours and a range of late life outcomes. The promotion of physical activity, healthy diet and smoking cessation in all mid-life populations should be encouraged for successful ageing and the prevention of disability and chronic disease.
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Systemic reviews revealed inconsistent results about a potential protective effect of alcohol use on Alzheimer's disease, other dementias and cognitive decline.
“On the other hand, systemic reviews revealed inconsistent results about a potential protective effect of alcohol use 204, 205.”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [205]
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- Authors
- Lafortune, L., Martin, S., Kelly, S., Kuhn, I., Remes, O., Cowan, A., & Brayne, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lafortune, Louise
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2016-02-04
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e0144405
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4742275
- OpenAlex
- W2273439767
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 206
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0611-10084)
- School for Public Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- behavioral risk factors, midlife, successful aging, disability, dementia, frailty, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, cardiovascular disease, primary prevention, health disparities, social and leisure activities
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Alcohol Drinking, Body Weight, Dementia, Diet, Disabled Persons, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Risk Factors, Smoking, Health Behavior, Frail Elderly, Age of Onset, Minority Health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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