The Resurrection of Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation: Outcomes Across a Veterans Affairs Collaborative
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Despite empirical support for interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs improving functioning and quality of life, access to this treatment approach has decreased dramatically over the last 20 years within the United States but has grown significantly in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Between 2009 and 2019, VA pain rehabilitation programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities increased 10-fold in the VA, expanding from two to 20. The aim of this collaborative observational evaluation was to examine patient outcomes across a subset of six programs at five sites. Methods: Outcomes were assessed using agreed-upon measures of patient-reported pain intensity, pain interference across various domains, pain catastrophizing, and sleep. Results: A total of 931 patients enrolled in the selected VA interdisciplinary pain programs, with 84.1% of participants completing the full course of treatment. Overall, all programs showed significant improvements from pretreatment to posttreatment in nearly all patient-reported outcomes. The effect sizes ranged from medium to large. Notably, the results demonstrate that positive outcomes were typical despite differences in structure and resources across programs. Conclusions: The adverse impacts of opioid use have highlighted the importance of chronic pain treatment approaches that emphasize team-based care focused on functional improvements. This study represents the first and largest analysis of outcomes across chronic pain rehabilitation programs and demonstrates the need for increased access to similar comprehensive approaches to pain management across the health care system. Further, it suggests that a variety of structures may be effective, encouraging flexibility in adopting this interdisciplinary approach.
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The effectiveness of integrated interdisciplinary chronic pain programs on improving multi-dimensional pain outcomes is well-established in VA settings.
“The effectiveness of integrated interdisciplinary chronic pain programs on improving multi-dimensional pain outcomes is well-established in VA settings [32–36].”
From Benchmark findings from a veteran electronic patient-reported outcomes evaluation from a chronic pain management telehealth program (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
A growing number of VHA step 3 programs are interdisciplinary, consist of intensive multimodal care, and have shown improvements in patient-reported outcomes such as increased function and decreased pain catastrophizing and sleep difficulties.
“There are a growing number of step 3 programs in the VHA which are interdisciplinary, consist of intensive multimodal care, and have shown improvements in patient reported outcomes such as increased function, and decreased pain catastrophizing and sleep difficulties.25,26”
From Remotely Delivered Psychologically Informed Mindful Movement Physical Therapy for Pain Care: A Framework for Operationalization (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Step 3 programs include interdisciplinary care for people with chronic pain and high levels of comorbidity and complexity.
“Step 3 programs include interdisciplinary care for people with chronic pain and high levels of comorbidity and complexity.25,26”
From Remotely Delivered Psychologically Informed Mindful Movement Physical Therapy for Pain Care: A Framework for Operationalization (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
The Veterans Health Administration uses an evidence-based stepped care model of pain management to address a complex biopsychosocial approach to pain care.
“The Veterans Health administration (VHA) uses an evidence-based stepped care model of pain management to address this complex biopsychosocial approach to pain care.25,26”
From Remotely Delivered Psychologically Informed Mindful Movement Physical Therapy for Pain Care: A Framework for Operationalization (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Murphy, J. L., Palyo, S. A., Schmidt, Z. S., Hollrah, L. N., Banou, E., Van Keuren, C. P., & Strigo, I. A.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- New Mexico VA Health Care System (US)
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System (US)
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (US)
- VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Corresponding author
- Murphy, Jennifer L
- Venue
- Pain Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-01-26
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 430-443
- ISSN
- 1526-2375 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-4637
- PMC
- PMC8599775
- OpenAlex
- W3123764856
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Pain Medicine (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- US Department of Veterans Affairs (I01-CX-000816, I01-CX-001652)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- National Institutes of Health (U19AR076737, UH2AR076724)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation, chronic pain, veterans, patient-reported outcomes, pain intensity, pain interference, pain catastrophizing, sleep, opioid use, team-based care
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Quality of Life, United States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans, Chronic Pain, Pain Management
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