The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Online News Consumption
Open accessAbstract
Online publishing, social networks, and web search have dramatically lowered the costs of producing, distributing, and discovering news articles. Some scholars argue that such technological changes increase exposure to diverse perspectives, while others worry that they increase ideological segregation. We address the issue by examining web-browsing histories for 50,000 US-located users who regularly read online news. We find that social networks and search engines are associated with an increase in the mean ideological distance between individuals. However, somewhat counterintuitively, these same channels also are associated with an increase in an individual’s exposure to material from his or her less preferred side of the political spectrum. Finally, the vast majority of online news consumption is accounted for by individuals simply visiting the home pages of their favorite, typically mainstream, news outlets, tempering the consequences—both positive and negative—of recent technological changes. We thus uncover evidence for both sides of the debate, while also finding that the magnitude of the effects is relatively modest.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“There is significant research on the ways in which algorithms produce search results that mirror people’s worldviews, but the majority of that work has been carried out on social networks [83,84].”
From Evolving Health Information–Seeking Behavior in the Context of Google AI Overviews, ChatGPT, and Alexa: Interview Study Using the Think-Aloud Protocol (2025) · cites this paper as [84]
In the citing paper
“Web traffic data suggest that relatively few Americans have heavily skewed information diets15–18”
From Like-minded sources on Facebook are prevalent but not polarizing (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Pese a que son numerosos los estudios basados en la polarización afectiva y los medios de comunicación (Stroud, 2010;Flaxman et al., 2016;Tsfati & Nir, 2017;Rojo-Martínez et al., 2023;Torcal, 2023), no son tan frecuentes aquellos que estudian el nivel de uso de diferentes medios de forma integrada, asumiendo la condición híbrida del sistema mediático, y analizan según esta el grado de polarización”
From Política, uso de medios y polarización afectiva en España (2024) · cites this paper as Flaxman et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“Esta práctica cotidiana y hábito informativo convertiría a las sociedades occidentales menos tolerantes con aquellos puntos de vista opuestos a los propios (Jamieson y Capella, 2008) y con posiciones u opiniones más extremas, que devienen en una creciente polarización de la sociedad (Flaxman et al., 2016).”
From Homofilia, polarización afectiva y desinformación en Twitter. Caso de estudio sobre la crisis migratoria #Openarms (2021) · cites this paper as Flaxman et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“This is consistent with recent observational studies of online web browsing behavior which find that, with respect to political news, partisans di↵er in their typical media diet even as they do not completely retreat into echo chambers (see e.g., Peterson et al., ND, Flaxman et al., 2016, Guess, 2019).”
From Partisan Gaps in Political Information and Information-Seeking Behavior: Motivated Reasoning or Cheerleading? (2019) · cites this paper as Flaxman et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“This also reaffirms the fact that the negative effects of echo chambers in social networks, which are known to arise due to high levels of homophily in communication, might be overstated”
From Credibility of climate change denial in social media (2019) · cites this paper as Flaxman et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“Del Vicario et al. [48] and Flaxman et al. [134] demonstrated that contentconsidering methods effectively detect echo chambers formed through selective content exposure.”
From A systematic review of echo chamber research: comparative analysis of conceptualizations, operationalizations, and varying outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as [134]
In the citing paper
“Some studies observe reinforcement of this sort (92); others provide conflicting evidence in both magnitude and direction (93-96).”
From Misinformation in and about science (2021) · cites this paper as [94]
In the citing paper
“With the advent of the Internet, online media has become a widespread source of information and, subsequently, opinion formation5–9.”
From Negativity drives online news consumption (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks
McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415 · Cited by 18,567
An Economic Theory of Democracy.
Banfield, E. C., & Downs, A. J. (1958) · Midwest Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2109186 · Cited by 18,558
Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models
Gelman, A., & Hill, J. (2006) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790942 · Cited by 13,597
Foundations of statistical natural language processing
Manning, C. D., & Schütze, H. (1999) · Cited by 9,816
On the limited memory BFGS method for large scale optimization
Liu, D. C., & Nocedal, J. M. (1989) · Mathematical Programming · doi:10.1007/bf01589116 · Cited by 9,062
(2011) · Cited by 4,430
Benkler, Y. R. (2017) · Yale University Press eBooks · doi:10.12987/9780300127232 · Cited by 3,728
Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook
Bakshy, E., Messing, S., & Adamic, L. A. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa1160 · Cited by 3,245
Broder, A. (2002) · ACM SIGIR Forum · doi:10.1145/792550.792552 · Cited by 1,944
Red Media, Blue Media: Evidence of Ideological Selectivity in Media Use
Iyengar, S., & Hahn, K. S. (2009) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x · Cited by 1,940
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,003
Mediated Skewed Diffusion of Issues Information: A Theory
McEwan, B. L., Carpenter, C. J., & Hopke, J. E. (2018) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305118800319 · Cited by 13
Garz, M., Sood, G., Stone, D. F., & Wallace, J. (2020) · European Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101877 · Cited by 13
A Conceptual Tool to Eliminate Filter Bubbles in Social Networks
Amrollahi, A. (2021) · AJIS. Australasian journal of information systems/AJIS. Australian journal of information systems/Australian journal of information systems · doi:10.3127/ajis.v25i0.2867 · Cited by 13
COVID-19 infodemic on Facebook and containment measures in Italy, United Kingdom and New Zealand
Etta, G., Galeazzi, A., Hutchings, J. R., Smith, C. S. J., Conti, M., Quattrociocchi, W., & Riva, G. V. D. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267022 · Cited by 15
Liotsiou, D., Kollányi, B., & Howard, P. N. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1901.07920 · Cited by 13
The Economics of Social MediaPreprint
Aridor, G., Durán, R. J., Levy, R., & Song, L. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4708840 · Cited by 13
The Evolution of Reputation-Based Cooperation
Wittek, R. P. M., & Giardini, F. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009217521 · Cited by 11
Combating Fake News Using Implementation Intentions
Armeen, I., Niswanger, R., & Tian, C. (2024) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-024-10502-0 · Cited by 13
Ideology and polarization set the agenda on social media
Loru, E., Galeazzi, A., Bonetti, A., Sangiorgio, E., Marco, N. D., Cinelli, M., Falkenberg, M., Baronchelli, A., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-19776-z · Cited by 26
Teoría del encuadre y plataformas sociodigitales de interacción: un análisis de coyuntura
Salazar, G. P. (2019) · Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales · doi:10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2019.236.68820 · Cited by 12
Reverse Engineering of Content Delivery Algorithms for Social Media Systems
Rassameeroj, I., & Wu, S. F. (2019) · International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS) · doi:10.1109/snams.2019.8931859 · Cited by 15
The Politics of Personalized News Aggregation
Hu, L., Li, A., & Segal, I. (2023) · Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics · doi:10.1086/724326 · Cited by 17
Schroeder, D. T., Schaal, F., Filkuková, P., Pogorelov, K., & Langguth, J. (2021) · International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART) · doi:10.5220/0010262802570266 · Cited by 12
Read it on Reddit: Homogeneity and Ideological Segregation in the Age of Social News
Duguay, P. A. (2021) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/08944393211001053 · Cited by 12
Kaspar, K., & Fuchs, L. A. M. (2021) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440211003089 · Cited by 15
Helberger, N., & Wojcieszak, M. (2018) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110481129-029 · Cited by 11
Elgesem, D., & Brüggemann, M. (2022) · European Journal of Communication · doi:10.1177/02673231221116179 · Cited by 12
The miasma of misinformation: a social analysis of media, markets, and manipulation
Dholakia, N., Özgün, A., & Atik, D. (2023) · Consumption Markets & Culture · doi:10.1080/10253866.2022.2149508 · Cited by 16
The Impact of Digital Communications on Consumer Perceptions of Sport Celebrity Transgressions
Sassenberg, A.-M., Summers, J., Morgan, M. J., & Hassan, R. (2018) · Journal of Global Sport Management · doi:10.1080/24704067.2018.1457968 · Cited by 12
Societal Education and the Education Divide in European Identity, 1992–2015
Fernández, J. J., & Eigmüller, M. (2018) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/jcy031 · Cited by 12
Böhm, G., Pfister, H., Salway, A., & Fløttum, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01026 · Cited by 16
Politische Bildung für Jugendliche in oder mit digitalen Medien?
Ernst, J., & Schmitt, J. B. (2020) · MedienPädagogik Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung · doi:10.21240/mpaed/38/2020.10.02.x · Cited by 12
More Plastic than Fish: Partisan Responses to an Advocacy Video Opposing Single-Use Plastics
Jennings, F. J., Allen, M. W., & Phuong, T. L. V. (2020) · Environmental Communication · doi:10.1080/17524032.2020.1819363 · Cited by 13
The Online Market’s Invisible Hand: Internet Media and Rising Populism
Bennett, A., & Seyis, D. (2021) · Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00323217211033230 · Cited by 12
Can “Googling” correct misbelief? Cognitive and affective consequences of online search
Kobayashi, T., Taka, F., & Suzuki, T. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256575 · Cited by 12
Lavazza, A., & Farina, M. (2022) · New Zealand Science Review · doi:10.26686/nzsr.v76i3.7816 · Cited by 16
Understanding Filter Bubbles and Polarization in Social NetworksPreprint
Chitra, U., & Musco, C. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1906.08772 · Cited by 12
Tanbih: Get To Know What You Are ReadingPreprint
Zhang, Y., Martino, G. D. S., Barrón‐Cedeño, A., Romeo, S. O., An, J., Kwak, H., Staykovski, T., Jaradat, I., Karadzhov, G., Baly, R., et al. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1910.02028 · Cited by 12
Social Media and the Behavior of Politicians: Evidence from Facebook in BrazilPreprint
Bessone, P., Campante, F. R., FERRAZ, C. B. O., & Souza, P. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.3386/w30306 · Cited by 12
Jeroense, T., Luimers, J., Jacobs, K., & Spierings, N. (2022) · European Political Science · doi:10.1057/s41304-020-00306-6 · Cited by 14
Dingler, T., Choudhury, A., & Kostakos, V. (2018) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/3267305.3274189 · Cited by 12
Filter Bubbles und Echo Chambers
Messingschlager, T. V., & Holtz, P. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58695-2_9 · Cited by 13
Torrel, J. M. P. (2022) · Cuadernos info · doi:10.7764/cdi.53.49539 · Cited by 18
Conceptual Approaches to the Study of Spatial Inequality: the Case of Russian Education
Adamovich, K. (2022) · Journal of Economic Sociology · doi:10.17323/1726-3247-2022-2-147-161 · Cited by 10
Kim, A., Moravec, P. L., & Dennis, A. R. (2019) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102666 · Cited by 18
Ma, C. (2023) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2023.2283703 · Cited by 12
Brito, K. D. S., Filho, R. L. C. S., & Adeodato, P. J. L. (2023) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2023.101899 · Cited by 15
Stance detection in Arabic with a multi-dialectal cross-domain stance corpus
Charfi, A., Bessghaier, M., Atalla, A., Akasheh, R., Al-Emadi, S. A., & Zaghouani, W. (2024) · Social Network Analysis and Mining · doi:10.1007/s13278-024-01335-5 · Cited by 11
The confrontation effect: When users engage more with ideology-inconsistent content online
Daniel Mochon, B., & Schwartz, J. A. (2024) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2024.104366 · Cited by 20
Adam, S., Makhortykh, M., Maier, M., Aigenseer, V., Urman, A., Gil‐López, T., Christner, C., de León, E., & Ulloa, R. (2024) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/08944393241287793 · Cited by 11
Unveiling the hidden agenda: Biases in news reporting and consumption
Galeazzi, A., Peruzzi, A., Brugnoli, E., Delmastro, M., & Zollo, F. (2024) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae474 · Cited by 14
Carillon, K. (2024) · Emerging Media · doi:10.1177/27523543241290976 · Cited by 11
Wang, S., Huang, S., Zhou, A., & Metaxa, D. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3687046 · Cited by 11
The media literacy dilemma: can ChatGPT facilitate the discernment of online health misinformation?
Peng, W., Meng, J., & Ling, T.-W. (2024) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2024.1487213 · Cited by 15
Haug, M., Maier, C., Gewald, H., & Weitzel, T. (2025) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-03-2024-0413 · Cited by 9
Lee, J. Y. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2422890122 · Cited by 13
News Headline Grouping as a Challenging NLU Task
Laban, P., Bandarkar, L., & Hearst, M. A. (2021) · Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.255 · Cited by 11
Audience Sensemaking: A Mapping Approach
Edgerly, S. (2021) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2021.1931388 · Cited by 22
Writer movements between news outlets reflect political polarization in media
Hagar, N., Wachs, J., & Horvát, E.-Á. (2021) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448211027173 · Cited by 11
Can the crowd judge truthfulness? A longitudinal study on recent misinformation about COVID-19
Roitero, K., Soprano, M., Portelli, B., Luise, M. D., Spina, D., Mea, V. D., Serra, G., Mizzaro, S., & Demartini, G. (2021) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s00779-021-01604-6 · Cited by 23
Niche climate news sites and the changing context of covering catastrophe
Russell, A., Kangas, J., Kunelius, R., & Painter, J. (2022) · Journalism · doi:10.1177/14648849221113119 · Cited by 11
Menchen-Trevino, E., Struett, T., Weeks, B. E., & Wojcieszak, M. (2022) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.2022.2152915 · Cited by 9
Marcon, A. R., Klostermann, P., & Caulfield, T. (2016) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/publichealth.5739 · Cited by 11
Gentzkow, M. A. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aar2579 · Cited by 11
Diversity and Novelty in Social-Based Collaborative Filtering
Sacharidis, D. (2019) · ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (UMAP) · doi:10.1145/3320435.3320479 · Cited by 11
Toward a Formal Model for Group Polarization in Social Networks
Alvim, M. S., Knight, S., & Valencia, F. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31175-9_24 · Cited by 11
Navigating Alarming Media Messages About Nutrition and Health
Wiblom, J., Andrée, M., & Rundgren, C.-J. A. (2020) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-019-00099-1 · Cited by 11
A model for the Twitter sentiment curve
Aletti, G., Crimaldi, I., & Saracco, F. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249634 · Cited by 11
Mijs, J. J. B., de Koster, W., & van der Waal, J. (2021) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102692 · Cited by 12
de León, E., & Vermeer, S. A. M. (2022) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2022.2099920 · Cited by 15
Gao, Q., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119636113.ch45 · Cited by 12
Article-Level Slant and Polarization of News Consumption on Social MediaPreprint
Braghieri, L., Eichmeyer, S., Levy, R., Möbius, M., Steinhardt, J., & Zhong, R. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4932600 · Cited by 11
Serttaş, A., Gürkan, H., & Dere, G. (2025) · Journalism and Media · doi:10.3390/journalmedia6030149 · Cited by 14
Cheong, H. J., Mohammed-Baksh, S., & Ju, I. (2022) · KOME · doi:10.17646/kome.75672.86 · Cited by 10
The Zoom solution: Promoting effective cross-ideological communication online
Binnquist, A. L., Dolbier, S. Y., Dieffenbach, M. C., & Lieberman, M. D. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270355 · Cited by 9
Exploring the Threat of Fake News: Facts, Opinions, and Judgement
Baron, I. Z., & Ish-Shalom, P. (2024) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10659129241234839 · Cited by 13
Epstein, R., & Flores, A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303036 · Cited by 15
Shi, W., & Li, J. (2025) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2025.2450312 · Cited by 10
Battista, D., & Мангоне, Э. (2025) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc15040075 · Cited by 22
Charting multidimensional ideological polarization across demographic groups in the USA
Ojer, J., Carcamo, D. P., Pastor‐Satorras, R., & Starnini, M. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02251-0 · Cited by 23
Lazar, M., Lifshitz‐Assaf, H., Ayoubi, C., & Emuna, H. (2025) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2023.1307 · Cited by 11
Jupowicz-Ginalska, A. (2019) · Social Communication · doi:10.2478/sc-2019-0011 · Cited by 7
Juzefovičs, J., & Vihalemm, T. (2020) · Russian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/19409419.2020.1851454 · Cited by 10
Nature conservation in a digitalized world: echo chambers and filter bubbles
Miller, A., Arndt, S., Engel, L., & Boot, N. (2021) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-12549-260311 · Cited by 13
Ruffo, G., & Semeraro, A. (2022) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi14100283 · Cited by 10
Recht im Sog der digitalen Transformation
Hoffmann‐Riem, W. (2021) · Mohr Siebeck eBooks · doi:10.1628/978-3-16-161200-8 · Cited by 10
Persily, N., & Tucker, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108890960.002 · Cited by 11
Neff, T., & Jemielniak, D. (2022) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448221081426 · Cited by 13
Elff, M., & Roßteutscher, S. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198847519.003.0002 · Cited by 12
Can We Re-design Social Media to Persuade People to Challenge Misinformation? An Exploratory Study
Gurgun, S., Arden-Close, E. J., McAlaney, J., Phalp, K. T., & Ali, R. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30933-5_9 · Cited by 12
Turel, O. (2023) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2248282 · Cited by 14
Why disinformation is here to stay. A socio-technical analysis of disinformation as a hybrid threat
Raemdonck, N. V., & Meyer, T. (2024) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781802207408.00009 · Cited by 10
Online music recommendation platforms as representations of ontologies of musical taste
Krämer, B. (2018) · Communications · doi:10.1515/commun-2017-0056 · Cited by 10
Koidl, K., Conlan, O., Reijers, W., Farrell, M., & Hoover, M. (2018) · International Conference on Social Media and Society (SMSociety) · doi:10.1145/3217804.3217904 · Cited by 9
Leighton, D. C., Brandt, M. J., & Kennedy, L. A. (2019) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696818810618 · Cited by 10
To tweet or not to tweet? A primer on social media for pharmacists
Dixon, D. L., & Reed, B. N. (2019) · JACCP JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY · doi:10.1002/jac5.1120 · Cited by 10
Collective information processing in human phase separation
Jayles, B., Escobedo, R., Pasqua, R., Zanon, C., Blanchet, A., Roy, M., Trédan, G., Guy Theraulaz, A., & Sire, C. (2020) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0801 · Cited by 10
Mason, K. A., Willen, S. S., Holmes, S. M., Herd, D. A., Nichter, M., Castañeda, H., & Hansen, H. (2020) · Population Health Management · doi:10.1089/pop.2019.0179 · Cited by 11
Algorithmes de recommandation et culture technique : penser le dialogue entre éducation et design
Claes, A., Wiard, V., Mercenier, H., Philippette, T., Dufrasne, M., BROWET, A., & Jungers, R. M. (2021) · Tic & société · doi:10.4000/ticetsociete.5915 · Cited by 12
Gill, H., & Rojas, H. (2021) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2021.1899008 · Cited by 15
Laskar, K. A., & Reyaz, M. (2021) · Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research · doi:10.1386/jammr_00026_1 · Cited by 12
Wijnhoven, F., & van Haren, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Big Data · doi:10.3389/fdata.2021.622106 · Cited by 10
Garg, R. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3479558 · Cited by 11
von Sikorski, C., & Kubin, E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85013-5_4 · Cited by 10
Bach, R. L., Kern, C. A., Bonnay, D., & Kalaora, L. (2022) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.1111/rssa.12846 · Cited by 12
Human trafficking and the growing malady of disinformation
Prakash, J., Erickson, T. B., & Stoklosa, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.987159 · Cited by 10
Audi alteram partem: An experiment on selective exposure to information
Nunnari, S., & Montanari, G. (2025) · Journal of the Economic Science Association · doi:10.1017/esa.2025.8 · Cited by 10
Brewer, T. J., Hartlep, N. D., & Scott, I. M. (2018) · Education Policy Analysis Archives · doi:10.14507/epaa.26.3563 · Cited by 10
Wihbey, J., Coleman, T. D., Joseph, K., & Lazer, D. M. J. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1708.06727 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Flaxman, S., Goel, S., & Rao, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Public Opinion Quarterly
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 298-320
- ISSN
- 0033-362X (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5331
- OpenAlex
- W2303924600
- Cited by
- 1,992
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 166 · 2025: 177 · 2024: 174 · 2023: 213 · 2022: 277 · 2021: 256 · 2020: 251 · 2019: 228 · 2018: 146 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 18
- FWCI
- 436.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Public Opinion Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Keywords
- filter bubbles, echo chambers, online news consumption, ideological segregation, ideological distance, social networks, search engines, web browsing history, political polarization, information exposure
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
