Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 416

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Financial Incentives and Student Achievement: Evidence from Randomized Trials *

Open access
Fryer, Roland G.·2011·The Quarterly Journal of Economics
DOI 10.1093/qje/qjr045
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This article describes a series of school-based field experiments in over 200 urban schools across three cities designed to better understand the impact of financial incentives on student achievement. In Dallas, students were paid to read books. In New York, students were rewarded for performance on interim assessments. In Chicago, students were paid for classroom grades. I estimate that the impact of financial incentives on student achievement is statistically 0, in each city. Due to a lack of power, however, I cannot rule out the possibility of effect sizes that would have positive returns on investment. The only statistically significant effect is on English-speaking students in Dallas. The article concludes with a speculative discussion of what might account for intercity differences in estimated treatment effects. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/qje/qjr045

Cites

43 of 43 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 43 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. 2005, “Effects of the Accelerated Reader on Reading Performance of Third, Fourth, and Fifth-Grade Students in One Western Oregon Elementary School.”
  2. ———, 1975, Intrinsic Motivation
  3. 2010, A Stitch in Time: The Effects of a Novel Incentive-Based High-School Intervention on College Outcomes, NBER Working Paper w15722
  4. 1993, Punished by Rewards
  5. 2009, “Incentives to Learn.”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 91, 437, 10.1162/rest.91.3.437 · DOI
  6. 1998, “Minimisation: The Platinum Standard for Trials?”, British Medical Journal, 317, 317
  7. 1993, Resampling-Based Multiple Testing

Cited by

See all 416

Metadata

Authors
Fryer, R. G.
Venue
The Quarterly Journal of Economics
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2011-11
Volume
126
Issue
4
Pages
1755-1798
ISSN
  • 0033-5533 (ISSN-L)
  • 1531-4650
DOI
10.1093/qje/qjr045
OpenAlex
W2131123037
Cited by
416
References
43
FWCI
181.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Financial Incentives and Student Achievement: Evidence from Randomized Trials *. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/qje/qjr045
The paper
Fryer, R. G. (2011). Financial Incentives and Student Achievement: Evidence from Randomized Trials *. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjr045

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.