Comparative evaluation of the physicochemical properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen and natural bone ceramic/collagen scaffolds and their osteogenesis-promoting effect on MC3T3-E1 cells
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Abstract The use of various types of calcium phosphate has been reported in the preparation of repairing materials for bone defects. However, the physicochemical and biological properties among them might be vastly different. In this study, we prepared two types of calcium phosphates, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and natural bone ceramic (NBC), into 3D scaffolds by mixing with type I collagen (CoL), resulting in the nHA/CoL and NBC/CoL scaffolds. We then evaluated and compared the physicochemical and biological properties of these two calcium phosphates and their composite scaffold with CoL. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and compressive tests were used to, respectively, characterize the morphology, composition, distribution and the effect of nHA and NBC to collagen. Next, we examined the biological properties of the scaffolds using cytotoxicity testing, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, biocompatibility testing, CCK-8 assays and RT-PCR. The results reflected that the Ca2+ released from nHA and NBC could bind chemically with collagen and affect its physicochemical properties, including the infrared absorption spectrum and compression modulus, among others. Furthermore, the two kinds of scaffolds could promote the expression of osteo-relative genes, but showed different gene induction properties. In short, NBC/CoL could promote the expression of early osteogenic genes, while nHA/CoL could upregulate late osteogenic genes. Conclusively, these two composite scaffolds could provide MC3T3-E1 cells with a biomimetic surface for adhesion, proliferation and the formation of mineralized extracellular matrices. Moreover, nHA/CoL and NBC/CoL had different effects on the period and extent of MC3T3-E1 cell mineralization.
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Release of Ca2+ from nano-HA does not require a complicated process because the large surface area of nano-HA readily releases Ca2+ ions.
“Lei et al [59] reported that the release of Ca 2+ from nano-HA did not require any complicated process as the large surface area of nano-HA readily release Ca 2+ ions.”
From Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration. (2023) · cites this paper as [59]
The Discussion says Ca2+ may be released more easily from nHA than from NBC and links NBC’s lower release rate to its lower specific surface area. It does not say that release requires no complicated process, and it presents the proposed explanation as needing further experimental validation. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe collagen matrix hinders easy dissolution of nano-HA as a whole, acts as a binder, and declines cytotoxicity exerted by excess dispersion of nano-HA.
“However, the easy dissolution of nano-HA as a whole is hindered by the collagen matrix, which acts as a binder and declines the cytotoxicity exerted by excess dispersion of nano-HA [59].”
From Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration. (2023) · cites this paper as [59]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says collagen gel can serve as an adhesive for powder material, supporting its role as a binder. The Results and Discussion (page unavailable) report that the nHA/collagen scaffolds showed no obvious cytotoxicity to MC3T3-E1 cells. They do not show that collagen hinders nHA dissolution or reduces cytotoxicity caused by excessive nHA dispersion. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration.
Kavitha Sri, A., Arthi, C., Neya, N. R., & Hikku, G. S. (2023) · Biomedical Materials · doi:10.1088/1748-605x/acc99e · Cited by 57 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lei, X., Gao, J., Xing, F., Zhang, Y., Ma, Y., & Zhang, G.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Shandong Agricultural University (CN)
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology (CN)
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Guifeng
- Venue
- Regenerative Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2019-10-05
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 361-371
- ISSN
- 2056-3418 (ISSN-L)
- 2056-3426
- PMC
- PMC6897342
- OpenAlex
- W2978363906
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Regenerative Biomaterials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institute of Process Engineering, CAS Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0108200, 2018YFC116400)
- International Cooperation Project of Hainan Province (KJHZ2015-30)
- Sci&Tech Program of Guangzhou of China (201803010086)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Surface Treatment and Coatings
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Medicinal Plant Pharmacodynamics Research
- Keywords
- hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, type I collagen, composite scaffolds, bone formation, MC3T3-E1 cells, calcium phosphate, bone tissue engineering, cell mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, calcium release, scaffold biocompatibility, bone defects
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