3D printing of composite calcium phosphate and collagen scaffolds for bone regeneration
Open accessAbstract
Low temperature 3D printing of calcium phosphate scaffolds holds great promise for fabricating synthetic bone graft substitutes with enhanced performance over traditional techniques. Many design parameters, such as the binder solution properties, have yet to be optimized to ensure maximal biocompatibility and osteoconductivity with sufficient mechanical properties. This study tailored the phosphoric acid-based binder solution concentration to 8.75 wt% to maximize cytocompatibility and mechanical strength, with a supplementation of Tween 80 to improve printing. To further enhance the formulation, collagen was dissolved into the binder solution to fabricate collagen-calcium phosphate composites. Reducing the viscosity and surface tension through a physiologic heat treatment and Tween 80, respectively, enabled reliable thermal inkjet printing of the collagen solutions. Supplementing the binder solution with 1-2 wt% collagen significantly improved maximum flexural strength and cell viability. To assess the bone healing performance, we implanted 3D printed scaffolds into a critically sized murine femoral defect for 9 weeks. The implants were confirmed to be osteoconductive, with new bone growth incorporating the degrading scaffold materials. In conclusion, this study demonstrates optimization of material parameters for 3D printed calcium phosphate scaffolds and enhancement of material properties by volumetric collagen incorporation via inkjet printing.
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Additive manufacturing is a widely used technique that can develop scaffolds with a controllable shape having required porosity.
“Additive manufacturing is one of the widely used techniques that can develop scaffolds with a controllable shape having required porosity [77,78].”
From Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration. (2023) · cites this paper as [77]
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- Authors
- Inzana, J. A., Olvera, D., Fuller, S. M., Kelly, J. P., Graeve, O. A., Schwarz, E. M., Kates, S. L., & Awad, H. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Alfred University (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Awad, Hani A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 4026-4034
- ISSN
- 0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4065717
- OpenAlex
- W1993037781
- Cited by
- 840
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 120 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 11
- FWCI
- 36.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- AO Trauma Research Fund
- NIAMS/NIH
- NSF graduate research fellowship (2012116002)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Keywords
- calcium phosphate scaffolds, 3D printing, bone regeneration, bone graft substitutes, thermal inkjet printing, Tween 80, flexural strength, cytocompatibility, osteoconductivity, critical-size femoral defect, scaffold degradation, biocompatibility
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone Regeneration, Calcium Phosphates, Cell Survival, Collagen, Female, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Viscosity, Tissue Engineering, Mice, Tissue Scaffolds, Printing, Three-Dimensional
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