Low-temperature additive manufacturing of biomimic three-dimensional hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds for bone regeneration
Abstract
Low-temperature additive manufacturing (AM) holds promise for fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds containing bioactive molecules and/or drugs. Due to the strict technical limitations of current approaches, few materials are suitable for printing at low temperature. Here, a low-temperature robocasting method was employed to print biomimic 3D scaffolds for bone regeneration using a routine collagen-hydroxyapatite (CHA) composite material, which is too viscous to be printed via normal 3D printing methods at low temperature. The CHA scaffolds had excellent 3D structure and maintained most raw material properties after printing. Compared to nonprinted scaffolds, printed scaffolds promoted bone marrow stromal cell proliferation and improved osteogenic outcome in vitro. In a rabbit femoral condyle defect model, the interconnecting pores within the printed scaffolds facilitated cell penetration and mineralization before the scaffolds degraded and enhanced repair, compared to nonprinted CHA scaffolds. Additionally, the optimal printing parameters for 3D CHA scaffolds were investigated; 600-μm-diameter rods were optimal in terms of moderate mechanical strength and better repair outcome in vivo. This low-temperature robocasting method could enable a variety of bioactive molecules to be incorporated into printed CHA materials and provides a method of bioprinting biomaterials without compromising their natural properties.
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The Group II scaffold can be used for bone defects that involve spongy bones.
“Hence, can be used for bone defects that involve spongy bones.”
From Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration. (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
The Group II scaffold cannot be used for high-low load bearing bone regeneration.
“and therefore, cannot be used for high-low load bearing bone regeneration.”
From Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration. (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
From degradation and bone regeneration behavior, the Group II scaffold displayed better results.
“From the degradation and the bone regeneration behavior, it was clear that the Group II scaffold displayed better results.”
From Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration. (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
The printed scaffold prepared by Lin et al. had a pore width of 400 μm.
“the printed scaffold had a pore width of 400 µm”
From Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration. (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, the printed nano-HA/collagen scaffold facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells when compared with the Group IV scaffold.
“Through in vitro and in vivo experimental conditions, it was clear that the printed nano-HA/collagen scaffold facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells when compared with the Group IV scaffold.”
From Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration. (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
Lin et al. prepared nano-HA/collagen scaffolds at a low temperature (4°C) and evaluated their efficiency to repair defective bone.
“Lin et al [81] prepared nano-HA/collagen scaffolds at a low temperature (4 • C) and evaluated their efficiency to repair defective bone.”
From Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration. (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
The mechanical behavior of the Group II scaffold was moderate owing to its highly porous nature.
“However, the mechanical behavior was found to be moderate owing to the highly porous nature”
From Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration. (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
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Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as scaffold material for bone regeneration.
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- Authors
- Lin, K.-F., He, S., Song, Y., Wang, C.-M., Gao, Y., Li, J.-Q., Tang, P., Wang, Z., Bi, L., & Pei, G.-X.
- Affiliations
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, P. R. China
- Xijing Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Bi, Long
- Venue
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-03-09
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 6905-6916
- ISSN
- 1944-8244 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8252
- OpenAlex
- W2289398738
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 8.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81371982)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Keywords
- direct ink writing, hydroxyapatite/collagen composite, 3D scaffolds, bone regeneration, biomimetic scaffolds, mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenic differentiation, femoral condyle defect, scaffold porosity, printing parameters
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone Marrow Cells, Bone Regeneration, Cattle, Cells, Cultured, Collagen, Femur, Male, Rabbits, Stromal Cells, Durapatite, Bone Substitutes, Biomimetic Materials, Cell Proliferation, Tissue Scaffolds
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