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Cited by 1,154Personality Traits and PsychologyPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

On Traits and Temperament: General and Specific Factors of Emotional Experience and Their Relation to the Five‐Factor Model

Watson, David, Clark, Lee Anna·1992·Journal of Personality
DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00980.x
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Abstract

ABSTRACT In this article we investigate relations between general and specific measures of self‐rated affect and markers of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Replicating previous research, we found strong and pervasive associations between Neuroticism, its facets, and the various negative affects; and between Extraversion, its facets, and the positive affects. Conscientiousness also had a significant, independent relation with general positive affect, but this effect was entirely due to the specific affect of attentiveness, which was more strongly related to Conscientiousness than Extraversion. Conversely, only the achievement facet of Conscientiousness correlated broadly with the positive affects. Finally, hostility had a strong independent association with (low) Agreeableness. The results for Neuroticism and Extraversion further clarify the temperamental basis of these higher order trait dimensions; whereas those obtained for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness illustrate the importance of examining personality‐affect relations at the lower order level.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00980.x

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  • Human extraversion strongly correlates with positive affect and moderately, but negatively correlates with negative affect.

    “Human extraversion strongly correlates with positive affect and moderately, but negatively correlates with negative affect39.”

    From A psychometric framework for evaluating and shaping personality traits in large language models (2025) · cites this paper as [39]

  • Human neuroticism is strongly positively correlated with negative affect and moderately negatively correlated with positive affect.

    “Human neuroticism is strongly positively correlated with negative affect and moderately negatively correlated with positive affect39.”

    From A psychometric framework for evaluating and shaping personality traits in large language models (2025) · cites this paper as [39]

  • IPIP-NEO Neuroticism's criterion validity increased with model size for instruction-tuned models, in terms of how the strengths and directions of their criterion correlations aligned with those observed among human data.

    “IPIP-NEO Neuroticism’s criterion validity increased with model size for instruction-tuned models, in terms of how the strengths and directions of their criterion correlations aligned with those observed among human data39.”

    From A psychometric framework for evaluating and shaping personality traits in large language models (2025) · cites this paper as [39]

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Authors
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A.
Affiliations
Southern Methodist University (US)
Corresponding author
Watson, David
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Personality
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1992-06
Volume
60
Issue
2
Pages
441-476
ISSN
  • 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-6494
DOI
10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00980.x
OpenAlex
W1983004754
Cited by
1,154
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 63
FWCI
20.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 5079 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
Big Five personality traits, personality traits, temperament, neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, negative affect, positive affect, hostility, attentiveness, achievement, trait facets
MeSH terms
Adult, Affect, Extraversion, Psychological, Female, Hostility, Humans, Male, Neurotic Disorders, Personality Development, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Social Behavior, Temperament, Models, Statistical

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