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Reduced Levels of Vasopressin and Reduced Behavioral Modulation of Oxytocin in Psychotic Disorders
Open accessAbstract
Oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) exert robust influence on social affiliation and specific cognitive processes in healthy individuals. Abnormalities in these neuroendocrine systems have been observed in psychotic disorders, but their relation to impairments in behavioral domains that these endocrines modulate is not well understood. We compared abnormalities of OT and AVP serum concentrations in probands with schizophrenia (n = 57), schizoaffective disorder (n = 34), and psychotic bipolar disorder (n = 75); their first-degree relatives without a history of psychosis (n = 61, 43, 91, respectively); and healthy controls (n = 66) and examined their association with emotion processing and cognition. AVP levels were lower in schizophrenia (P = .002) and bipolar probands (P = .03) and in relatives of schizophrenia probands (P = .002) compared with controls. OT levels did not differ between groups. Familiality estimates were robust for OT (h(2) = 0.79, P = 3.97e-15) and AVP (h(2) = 0.78, P = 3.93e-11). Higher levels of OT were associated with better emotion recognition (β = 0.40, P < .001) and general neuropsychological function (β = 0.26, P = .04) in healthy controls as expected but not in any proband or relative group. In schizophrenia, higher OT levels were related to greater positive symptom severity. The dissociation of OT levels and behavioral function in all proband and relative groups suggests that risk and illness factors associated with psychotic disorders are not related to reduced OT levels but to a disruption in the ability of physiological levels of OT to modulate social cognition and neuropsychological function. Decreased AVP levels may be a marker of biological vulnerability in schizophrenia because alterations were seen in probands and relatives, and familiality was high.
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“However, many papers have used an ELISA on unextracted plasma, yielding values of >300pg/ml (59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65).”
From Intranasal Oxytocin: Myths and Delusions (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“This advice has been largely ignored. Many studies have used this assay on unextracted human plasma, reporting mean concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin of typically 100–500 pg/ml 3, 4, 5, 6, 114. Those that have diluted samples have done so by less than the manufacturer's recommendations, without confirming that their dilution is adequate.”
From Measuring Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Bioassays, Immunoassays and Random Numbers (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, none of the four studies cited in the Introduction 3, 4, 5, 6 as examples of the use of ELISAs to measure oxytocin and vasopressin in unextracted samples made any correction for multiple comparisons in their analyses.”
From Measuring Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Bioassays, Immunoassays and Random Numbers (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
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Intranasal Oxytocin: Myths and Delusions
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Is oxytocin “nature’s medicine”
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“…have been associated with function in Williams syndrome (Dai et al., 2012), autism spectrum disorders (Oztan et al., 2018b), schizophrenia (Rubin et al., 2014, 2018), depression (Cyranowski et al., 2008; Goekoop et al., 2011), postpartum depression (Zelkowitz et al., 2014; Bell et al.,…”
BackgroundMeasuring Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Bioassays, Immunoassays and Random Numbers
Leng, G., & Sabatier, N. (2016) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12413 · Cited by 237
“Indeed, none of the four studies cited in the Introduction (3–6) as examples of the use of ELISAs to measure oxytocin and vasopressin in unextracted samples made any correction for multiple comparisons in their analyses.”
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“Moreover, in psychiatric conditions the oxytocinergic system is not necessarily expected to function normally, such that brain sensitivity and responsivity to oxytocin may be reduced or otherwise altered (e.g., MacDonald & Feifel, 2012; Ellenbogen et al., 2013 Rubin et al., 2014).”
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“Specifically, plasma/serum (Rubin et al., 2014), saliva (Fujisawa et al., 2014), urine (Hoffman et al., 2012) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (Sasayama et al., 2012) OT and ADH levels have been recently tested as putative biomarkers in ASD (Alabdali et al., 2014; Boso et al., 2007; Modahl et al., 1998), Psychosis (Elman…”
InfluentialOxytocin, vasopressin, and the motivational forces that drive social behaviors
Caldwell, H. K., & Albers, H. E. (2015) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2015_390 · Cited by 129
The Role of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Attachment
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“A reduction or upregulation in the availability of the oxytocin or vasopressin receptors may be due to genetic variation and/or epigenetic tuning of this system (Bradley, Wingo, Davis, Mercer, & Ressler, 2013; Feldman, Monakhov, Pratt, & Ebstein, 2016; Myers et al., 2014; Rijlaarsdam et al., 2017; Rubin et al., 2014;…”
BackgroundEllis, B. J., Horn, A. J., Carter, C. S., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101985 · Cited by 103
Fond, G. B., d’Albis, M.-A., Jamain, S., Tamouza, R., Arango, C., Fleischhacker, W. W., Glenthoj, B. Y., Leweke, F. M., Lewis, S. W., McGuire, P. K., et al. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv002 · Cited by 99
Oxytocin and vasopressin levels are decreased in the plasma of male schizophrenia patients
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Potential of Oxytocin in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
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“In contrast, the same group reported more recently that more severe positive symptoms were related to higher pOT [50].”
BackgroundResultOxytocin in Schizophrenia: Pathophysiology and Implications for Future Treatment
Goh, K. K., Chen, C.-H., & Lane, H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22042146 · Cited by 84
“Another possibility is that oxytocin may have a protective effect when the range of oxytocin values is low, but detrimental effects when oxytocin values are too high [95].”
BackgroundAntisocial oxytocin: Complex effects on social behavior
Beery, A. K. (2015) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.006 · Cited by 74
Rubin, L. H., Connelly, J. J., Reilly, J. L., Carter, C. S., Drogos, L. L., Pournajafi‐Nazarloo, H., Ruocco, A. C., Keedy, S., Matthew, I., Tandon, N., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2015.10.003 · Cited by 72
“Primary analyses of OT levels, MRI data, and PENN ER-40 data are available for the BSNIP study (2, 40, 44, 49, 50).”
BackgroundMethodSparapani, S., Millet-Boureima, C., Oliver, J., Mu, K., Hadavi, P., Kalostian, T., Ali, N., Avelar, C. M., Bardies, M., Barrow, B., et al. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9010089 · Cited by 64
“Reduced AVP was found in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disease, with lower AVP levels possibly predisposing to psychoses, independent of OT [264,269].”
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“…people with schizophrenia who are polydipsic have lower endogenous oxytocin levels than healthy controls (Goldman et al., 2008, 2011), some reporting higher levels in people with schizophrenia (Beckmann et al., 1985), and others reporting no group differences (Rubin et al., 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014).”
Bartholomeusz, C. F., Ganella, E. P., Labuschagne, I., Bousman, C., & Pantelis, C. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.007 · Cited by 54
“Intranasal OXT also appears to have some sex-specific effects on brain activation, which is not surprising, given the primary roles of OXT relate to pregnancy and maternal behaviours (although endogenous serum OXT [pg/ml] levels in men are comparable to nonpregnant women; Rubin et al., 2014).”
Plasma oxytocin levels predict social cue recognition in individuals with schizophrenia
Strauss, G. P., Keller, W. R., Koenig, J. I., Gold, J. M., Frost, K. H., & Buchanan, R. W. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.034 · Cited by 51
“Those studies that have been conducted have yielded inconsistent results, with the majority indicating no group differences (Rubin et al., 2014; Rubin et al., 2013; Rubin et al., 2011; Rubin et al., 2010) and some reporting lower (Goldman et al., 2008; Goldman et al., 2011) or higher endogenous…”
ResultPlasma oxytocin explains individual differences in neural substrates of social perception
Lancaster, K., Carter, C. S., Pournajafi‐Nazarloo, H., Karaoli, T., Lillard, T. S., Jack, A., Davis, J. M., Morris, J. P., & Connelly, J. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00132 · Cited by 53
“, 2007) and repeated in several laboratories in studies in plasma from humans (e.g., Feldman et al., 2007, 2010; Gordon et al., 2010; Gouin et al., 2010; Rubin et al., 2014), nonhuman primates, rats and voles (Kramer et al.”
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Oxytocin and Sensory Network Plasticity
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Atypical Social Development in Vasopressin-Deficient Brattleboro Rats
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“This represents a critical gap in our knowledge as altered AVP function has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia [Heinrichs et al., 2009; Rubin et al., 2014 (and references therein)].”
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“…of basal hormones in plasma, is associated with better emotion processing and worse cognition, whereas AVP is associated with increased emotional reactivity and better cognitive function (Carter et al., 2008; Heinrichs and Domes, 2008; MeyerLindenberg et al., 2011; Rubin et al., 2011, 2014).”
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Bridging the schism of schizophrenia through yoga—Review of putative mechanisms
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“Recent evidence also points to a disruption in the ability of oxytocin to modulate social cognition in patients with schizophrenia (Rubin et al., 2014).”
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“…of OT in individuals with SZ compared to controls, with some studies reporting higher levels (Strauss et al., 2015a; Strauss et al., 2015b; Strauss et al., 2015c), lower levels (Goldman et al., 2008; Jobst et al., 2014) or no difference (Rubin et al., 2014; Rubin et al., 2013; Rubin et al., 2010).”
ResultStrauss, G. P., Granholm, E. L., Holden, J. L., Ruiz, I., Gold, J. M., Kelly, D. L., & Buchanan, R. W. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718002465 · Cited by 25
“…have lower endogenous oxytocin levels than healthy controls (Goldman et al., 2008, 2011), other studies reported higher levels in people with schizophrenia (Beckmann et al., 1985; Strauss et al., 2015a, 2015b, 2015c), and others report no group differences (Rubin et al., 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014).”
ResultThe Role of Endogenous Oxytocin in Anxiolysis: Structural and Functional Correlates
Lancaster, K., Goldbeck, L., Pournajafi‐Nazarloo, H., Connelly, J. J., Carter, C. S., & Morris, J. P. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.10.003 · Cited by 24
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“Altered AVP function has been implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders (Heinrichs et al., 2009; Jobst et al., 2014; Rubin et al., 2014; Rubin et al., 2017; Shou et al., 2017; van West et al., 2009).”
Geng, C.-H., Wang, C., Yang, J., Wang, H., Ma, R.-Q., Liu, X., & Wang, C. (2017) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2017.09.002 · Cited by 21
“In contrast, very recent studies found lower plasma AVP levels in schizophrenia patients than in health controls [50,51]; higher AVP levels were associated with greater positive symptom severity in female patients [51].”
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“…is consistent with many previous studies in which plasma oxytocin levels within unextracted samples were also detected by ELISA in rats (Devarajan and Rusak, 2004), rhesus monkeys (Winslow et al., 2003) and human (Jobst et al., 2014; Apter-Levi et al., 2014; Gouin et al., 2015; Rubin et al., 2014).”
ResultBernstein, H., Müller, S., Dobrowolny, H., Wolke, C., Lendeckel, U., Bukowska, A., Keilhoff, G., Becker, A., Trübner, K., Steiner, J. H., et al. (2016) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-016-0757-7 · Cited by 19
Hu, H., Zarate, C. A., & Verbalis, J. G. (2024) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.13703 · Cited by 18
“92 Because changes in plasma AVP levels have been observed in both psychotic disorders 93,94 and mood disorders, 95 some investigators have explored whether AVP can be used as a biomarker to differentiate between the two, given that certain subsets of psychotic and mood disorders share similar…”
Peter-Ross⁎, E. M. (2018) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2018.02.009 · Cited by 18
Chapter 4. Psychoneuroendocrinology
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Endogenous oxytocin response to film scenes of attachment and loss is pronounced in schizophrenia
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“, 2010) and no significant group x gender interactions were reported, when medicated (Rubin et al., 2014) or unmedicated (Rubin et al.”
BackgroundResultPlasma copeptin and metabolic dysfunction in individuals with bipolar disorder
Mansur, R. B., Rizzo, L. B., Santos, C. M., Asevedo, E. D. M., da Cunha, G. R., Noto, M. N., Pedrini, M., Zeni‐Graiff, M., Cordeiro, Q., McIntyre, R. S., et al. (2017) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12535 · Cited by 15
“Conversely, one study reported lower levels of AVP in individuals with BD and first-degree relatives, which were highly familial.(38) Differences in copeptin levels between individuals with BD and healthy controls were independent from possible confounding factors.”
ResultLi, H., Zhou, D., Chang, H., Wang, L., Liu, W., Dai, S., Zhang, C., Cai, J., Liu, W., Li, X., et al. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.024 · Cited by 14
Lee, M. R., Wehring, H. J., McMahon, R. P., Liu, F., Linthicum, J., Buchanan, R. W., Strauss, G. P., Rubin, L. H., & Kelly, D. L. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science · doi:10.20900/jpbs.20190001 · Cited by 14
“Some studies have reported a positive relationship between plasma OT levels and social cognitive capacity such as prosocial behaviors or ability to perceive emotions in schizophrenia [9–15], while other studies reported no relationship between OT levels and social cognition measures [16,17].”
ResultThe neurobiological impact of oxytocin in mental health disorders: a comprehensive review
Chaulagain, R. P., Shrestha, Y., Shrestha, H., Bhandari, R., & Gurung, P. (2025) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000003015 · Cited by 15
“Interestingly, female patients with positive symptoms had higher plasma oxytocin levels than male participants [59] .”
Corbett, B. A., Bales, K. L., Swain, D. M., Sanders, K. B., Weinstein, T. A. R., & Muglia, L. J. (2016) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-016-9165-6 · Cited by 14
“1 similar to other human studies in the lab [61] and comparable to the field which usually use dilutions between 1:1 and 1:2 [115, 116].”
Schatz, K. C., Martin, C. D., Ishiwari, K., George, A. M., Richards, J. B., & Paul, M. J. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.04.004 · Cited by 13
Fodor, A., Klausz, B., Tóth, B. I., & Zelena, D. (2016) · Endocrine Regulations · doi:10.1515/enr-2016-0004 · Cited by 13
Spilka, M. J., Keller, W. R., Buchanan, R. W., Gold, J. M., Koenig, J. I., & Strauss, G. P. (2022) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13421 · Cited by 12
Feifel, D., Shilling, P. D., Fazlinejad, A., & Melendez, G. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881115625360 · Cited by 12
“Notably, a number of studies have found that the vasopressin system is dysfunctional in schizophrenia and may contribute to the clinical manifestation of this disorder (Elman et al., 2003; Jobst et al., 2014; Rubin et al., 2014).”
BackgroundPek, T. M., Yazıcı, E., Güzel, D., Köse, E., Yazıcı, A. B., & Erol, A. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1080/24750573.2019.1653149 · Cited by 11
“in the study of healthy volunteers [7,62].”
Exploring a Possible Interplay between Schizophrenia, Oxytocin, and Estrogens: A Narrative Review
Papadea, D., Dalla, C., & Tata, D. Α. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13030461 · Cited by 12
“In addition, OXT plasma levels were also higher, hence, OXT may include benefits when endogenous OXT levels are low, but display unfavorable outcomes at a higher concentration [45].”
BackgroundResultExpression of vasopressin mRNA in the hypothalamus of individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia
Busch, J. R., Jacobsen, C., Lynnerup, N., Banner, J., & Møller, M. (2019) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1355 · Cited by 11
“Although some earlier studies have shown elevated level of vasopressin, most studies have shown a lower level in schizophrenia patients compared to human controls (Frederiksen, Ekman, Gottfries, Widerlöv, & Jonsson, 1991; Rubin et al., 2013, 2014).”
ResultPeripheral Oxytocin Predicts Higher-Level Social Cognition in Men Regardless of Empathy Quotient
Deuse, L., Wudarczyk, O. A., Rademacher, L., Kaleta, P., Karges, W., Kacheva, S., Gründer, G., & Lammertz, S. E. (2018) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-0590-4850 · Cited by 11
“79) [21] and show high individual stability: when measured at 3 different time points several months apart, test-retest correlations amounted to r > 0.”
BackgroundGouin, J.-P., Pournajafi-Nazarloo, H., & Carter, C. S. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.021 · Cited by 9
“In addition, we have discovered high correlations and “familiality” in OT and AVP in samples taken from probands and their first-degree relatives [39].”
BackgroundSelf-citationMacdonald, D. W., & Newman, C. (2022) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192845368.001.0001 · Cited by 11
Reliability of basal plasma vasopressin concentrations in healthy male adults
Quintana, D. S., Westlye, L. T., Smerud, K. T., Mahmoud, R. A., Djupesland, P. G., & Andreassen, O. A. (2016) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2016.67 · Cited by 9
“Conversely, others have reported lower AVP in schizophrenia and first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (10,11).”
ResultYang, X., Tang, Y., Wei, Q., Lang, B., Tao, H., Zhang, X., Liu, Y., & Tang, A. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.20252 · Cited by 9
“This result was in accordance with two recent studies that peripheral AVP levels in SZ patients were lower than that in HC [11, 40].”
ResultKampka, N., Frommann, N., Henning, U., Schwark, R., Wölwer, W., Pietrowsky, R., & Luckhaus, C. (2018) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-018-1955-4 · Cited by 9
Schatz, K. C., Brown, L. M., Barrett, A., Roth, L. C., Grinevich, V., & Paul, M. J. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44776-1 · Cited by 9
Early Life Trauma and Social Processing in HIV: The Role of Neuroendocrine Factors and Inflammation
Rubin, L. H., Bhattacharya, D., Fuchs, J., Matthews, A., Abdellah, S., Veenhuis, R. T., Langenecker, S. A., Weber, K. M., Nazarloo, H. P., Keating, S. M., et al. (2022) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001124 · Cited by 8
“Although nonextracted samples yield higher concentrations than extracted samples (84), unextracted samples of OT and AVP are highly familial (42) and repeatedly relate to neurobehavioral outcomes (measured using behavioral tasks and neuroimaging) in our studies in healthy individuals as well as psychiatric populations…”
Background‘Oxytocin Deficiency’: Implications for the Food-Addiction Construct
Davis, C. A., & Moghimi, E. (2017) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-017-0135-1 · Cited by 7
Biosca-Brull, J., Oña, G., Alarcon-Franco, L., & Colomina, M. T. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02773-7 · Cited by 6
“The symbol # indicates differences between treatments at p < 0.05.”
BackgroundInfluentialHistamine H3 receptor: an emerging target for cancer therapy?
Lauretta, P., Vivot, R. M., Velazco, A., & Medina, V. A. (2025) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-025-02054-z · Cited by 7
Liebrand, M., Rebsamen, M., Nakamura‐Utsunomiya, A., von den Driesch, L., Köck, P., Caccia, J., Hamann, C., Wiest, R., Kaess, M., Walther, S., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1206226 · Cited by 6
“Also, studies reported decreased blood levels (16, 17) and intracranial gene expression (18) of vasopressin in schizophrenia patients.”
BackgroundKiss, A., & Osacká, J. (2021) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2021.102148 · Cited by 6
The psychedelic-peptide paradox: a hormetic hypothesis
Carter, C. S. (2025) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2025.100303 · Cited by 4
Genetically based correlates of serum oxytocin and testosterone in autism and schizotypy
Crespi, B. J., & Hurd, P. L. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.052 · Cited by 4
“Rubin et al. (2014) found no differences between schizophrenia patients and controls in plasma oxytocin, but reported a significant positive correlation between oxytocin levels and positive symptom severity among patients, which they suggested may be due to beneficial effects in the low range of oxytocin levels, but d…”
BackgroundIncreased oxytocin/vasopressin ratio in bipolar disorder in a cohort of human postmortem adults
Tan, H., Hu, Y., Goudswaard, A., Li, Y., Balesar, R. A., Swaab, D. F., & Bao, A. (2025) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2025.106904 · Cited by 3
“The reported AVP levels in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in BD patients displayed considerable variability, ranging from lower to no differences or even higher levels (Berrettini et al., 1987; Legros and Ansseau, 1989; Rubin et al., 2014).”
Rudnicki, K., Declerck, C. H., Backer, C. J. S. D., & Berth, M. (2019) · Interaction Studies Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems · doi:10.1075/is.18015.rud · Cited by 3
Who Goes There: Friend or Foe?
Macdonald, D. W., & Newman, C. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192845368.003.0009 · Cited by 3
Luther, L., Mathis, R. F., Keller, W. R., Buchanan, R. W., Gold, J. M., Koeing, J. I., & Strauss, G. P. (2025) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2025.10.010 · Cited by 2
Therapeutic potential of vasopressin in the treatment of neurological disorders
Mishra, S., Grewal, J., Wal, P., Bhivshet, G. U., Tripathi, A. K., & Walia, V. (2024) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171166 · Cited by 2
Snowden, A. W., Schwartz, S., Smith, A. L., Goodman, M. M., & Freeman, S. M. (2025) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2025.2536570 · Cited by 1
“Peripheral AVP studies have also yielded mixed results, observing higher AVP levels (Rubin et al., 2013) reduced AVP (Rubin et al., 2014) and no differences in plasma AVP (Aydın et al., 2018) between SZ and controls.”
Oxytocin and obsessive–compulsive disorder
Soltan, M. (2022) · Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_28_21 · Cited by 1
The role of oxytocin in the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia
Jusiak, K., Brudkowska, Ż., Gołębiowska, M., Morylowska-Topolska, J., Gołębiowska, B., Próchnicki, M., Próchnicka, A., & Karakuła‐Juchnowicz, H. (2017) · Current Problems of Psychiatry · doi:10.1515/cpp-2017-0023 · Cited by 1
“Another study also reported a negative correlation between oxytocin level and the severity of positive symptoms in the group of schizophrenic patients [61].”
BackgroundHernández‐Díaz, Y., González‐Castro, T. B., Tovilla‐Zárate, C. A., López‐Narváez, M. L., Mendoza, A. D. G., Castillo-Ávila, R. G., Ramos-Méndez, M. Á., & Juárez‐Rojop, I. E. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-260914/v1 · Cited by 1
Myint, A.-M., & Schwarz, M. (2015) · Current topics in neurotoxicity · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13602-8_10
Luckhaus, C., Juckel, G., & Hurlemann, R. (2018) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-018-0615-0
“↑ Ox) Walss-Bass 2013 [59] Plasma OT Unextract ELISA 41/45 ↓♂ Sz vs. HC Jobst 2014 [26] Plasma OT Unextract ELISA 57/66 ↔ Sz vs. HC ↑ PANSS ↑ Rubin 2014 [45] Plasma OT Extract RIA 39/21 ↑ Sz/SzA vs. HC Strauss 2015 [54] DC „disease controls“, ELISA „enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay“, extract…”
Luckhaus, C., Juckel, G., & Hurlemann, R. (2019) · Der Nervenarzt
Schizophrenia risk factor Tcf4 and gene-environment interaction in mice
Badowska, D. M. (2015) · doi:10.53846/goediss-4943
The impact of aversive personality traits on the psychotic-spectrum of disorders
Sennfelt, D., Conus, P., & Elowe, J. (2022) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2022.01.016 · Cited by 1
(2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192845368.002.0005
(2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192845368.002.0010
Macdonald, D. W., & Newman, C. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192845368.003.0001
Macdonald, D. W., & Newman, C. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192845368.003.0013
Macdonald, D. W., & Newman, C. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192845368.003.0016
Macdonald, D. W., & Newman, C. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192845368.003.0012
Metadata
- Authors
- Rubin, L. H., Carter, C. S., Bishop, J. R., Pournajafi-Nazarloo, H., Drogos, L. L., Hill, S. K., Ruocco, A. C., Keedy, S. K., Reilly, J. L., Keshavan, M. S., Pearlson, G. D., Tamminga, C. A., Gershon, E. S., & Sweeney, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Yale University (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rubin, Leah H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-03-11
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1374-1384
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC4193712
- OpenAlex
- W2164597099
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 20.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (MH078113, MH077851, K08MH083888, MH077852, MH083126, MH077945, MH077862, K12HD055892)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sunovion
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- Astellas Pharma
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000430)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K08MH083888, R01MH077852, R01MH103368, MH‐077945, MH 077852, R01MH077851, K23MH083126, MH-078113, MH083126, MH077851, R01MH096913, MH‐077862, R01MH078113, R01MH077862, R01MH077945)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K12HD055892)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- oxytocin, vasopressin
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affective Disorders, Psychotic, Arginine Vasopressin, Emotions, Facial Expression, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxytocin, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Social Perception
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