Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma oxytocin concentrations are positively correlated and negatively predict anxiety in children
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) exerts anxiolytic and prosocial effects in the central nervous system of rodents. A number of recent studies have attempted to translate these findings by investigating the relationships between peripheral (e.g., blood, urinary and salivary) OXT concentrations and behavioral functioning in humans. Although peripheral samples are easy to obtain in humans, whether peripheral OXT measures are functionally related to central OXT activity remains unclear. To investigate a possible relationship, we quantified OXT concentrations in concomitantly collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from child and adult patients undergoing clinically indicated lumbar punctures or other CSF-related procedures. Anxiety scores were obtained in a subset of child participants whose parents completed psychometric assessments. Findings from this study indicate that plasma OXT concentrations significantly and positively predict CSF OXT concentrations (r=0.56, P=0.0064, N=27). Moreover, both plasma (r=-0.92, P=0.0262, N=10) and CSF (r=-0.91, P=0.0335, N=10) OXT concentrations significantly and negatively predicted trait anxiety scores, consistent with the preclinical literature. Importantly, plasma OXT concentrations significantly and positively (r=0.96, P=0.0115, N=10) predicted CSF OXT concentrations in the subset of child participants who provided behavioral data. This study provides the first empirical support for the use of blood measures of OXT as a surrogate for central OXT activity, validated in the context of behavioral functioning. These preliminary findings also suggest that impaired OXT signaling may be a biomarker of anxiety in humans, and a potential target for therapeutic development in individuals with anxiety disorders.
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In children, CSF and plasma oxytocin levels are associated only after adjustment for several factors that caused independent release.
“Carson et al. reported that CSF and plasma oxytocin concentrations are correlated in children, but only after correcting the data for multiple variables that led to independent release (93).”
From Intranasal Oxytocin: Myths and Delusions (2016) · cites this paper as [93]
Several studies have reported lower oxytocin levels in ASD, while others have not exhibited any differences, and one report of increased oxytocin levels in ASD.
“Several studies have reported lower oxytocin levels in ASD, [17][18][19] while others have not exhibited any differences, 20,21 and one report of increased oxytocin levels in ASD.22”
From Beyond the hype and hope: critical considerations for intranasal oxytocin research in autism spectrum disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Carson, D. S., Berquist, S. W., Trujillo, T. H., Garner, J. P., Hannah, S. L., Hyde, S. A., Sumiyoshi, R. D., Jackson, L. P., Moss, J. K., Strehlow, M. C., Cheshier, S. H., Partap, S., Hardan, A. Y., & Parker, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carson, D S
- Parker, K J
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Psychiatry
- Published
- 2014-11-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1085-1090
- ISSN
- 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5578
- OpenAlex
- W2166835772
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 23
- FWCI
- 35.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025744)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- oxytocin, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma oxytocin, peripheral biomarkers, trait anxiety, children, anxiety disorders, biomarkers, neuropeptides
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxytocin, Predictive Value of Tests, Statistics as Topic, Biomarkers, Young Adult
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