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Reduced Levels of Vasopressin and Reduced Behavioral Modulation of Oxytocin in Psychotic Disorders
Open accessAbstract
Oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) exert robust influence on social affiliation and specific cognitive processes in healthy individuals. Abnormalities in these neuroendocrine systems have been observed in psychotic disorders, but their relation to impairments in behavioral domains that these endocrines modulate is not well understood. We compared abnormalities of OT and AVP serum concentrations in probands with schizophrenia (n = 57), schizoaffective disorder (n = 34), and psychotic bipolar disorder (n = 75); their first-degree relatives without a history of psychosis (n = 61, 43, 91, respectively); and healthy controls (n = 66) and examined their association with emotion processing and cognition. AVP levels were lower in schizophrenia (P = .002) and bipolar probands (P = .03) and in relatives of schizophrenia probands (P = .002) compared with controls. OT levels did not differ between groups. Familiality estimates were robust for OT (h(2) = 0.79, P = 3.97e-15) and AVP (h(2) = 0.78, P = 3.93e-11). Higher levels of OT were associated with better emotion recognition (β = 0.40, P < .001) and general neuropsychological function (β = 0.26, P = .04) in healthy controls as expected but not in any proband or relative group. In schizophrenia, higher OT levels were related to greater positive symptom severity. The dissociation of OT levels and behavioral function in all proband and relative groups suggests that risk and illness factors associated with psychotic disorders are not related to reduced OT levels but to a disruption in the ability of physiological levels of OT to modulate social cognition and neuropsychological function. Decreased AVP levels may be a marker of biological vulnerability in schizophrenia because alterations were seen in probands and relatives, and familiality was high.
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“However, many papers have used an ELISA on unextracted plasma, yielding values of >300pg/ml (59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65).”
From Intranasal Oxytocin: Myths and Delusions (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“This advice has been largely ignored. Many studies have used this assay on unextracted human plasma, reporting mean concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin of typically 100–500 pg/ml 3, 4, 5, 6, 114. Those that have diluted samples have done so by less than the manufacturer's recommendations, without confirming that their dilution is adequate.”
From Measuring Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Bioassays, Immunoassays and Random Numbers (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
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“Indeed, none of the four studies cited in the Introduction 3, 4, 5, 6 as examples of the use of ELISAs to measure oxytocin and vasopressin in unextracted samples made any correction for multiple comparisons in their analyses.”
From Measuring Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Bioassays, Immunoassays and Random Numbers (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
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BackgroundMeasuring Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Bioassays, Immunoassays and Random Numbers
Leng, G., & Sabatier, N. (2016) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12413 · Cited by 237
“Indeed, none of the four studies cited in the Introduction (3–6) as examples of the use of ELISAs to measure oxytocin and vasopressin in unextracted samples made any correction for multiple comparisons in their analyses.”
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“Moreover, in psychiatric conditions the oxytocinergic system is not necessarily expected to function normally, such that brain sensitivity and responsivity to oxytocin may be reduced or otherwise altered (e.g., MacDonald & Feifel, 2012; Ellenbogen et al., 2013 Rubin et al., 2014).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Rubin, L. H., Carter, C. S., Bishop, J. R., Pournajafi-Nazarloo, H., Drogos, L. L., Hill, S. K., Ruocco, A. C., Keedy, S. K., Reilly, J. L., Keshavan, M. S., Pearlson, G. D., Tamminga, C. A., Gershon, E. S., & Sweeney, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Yale University (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rubin, Leah H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-03-11
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1374-1384
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC4193712
- OpenAlex
- W2164597099
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 20.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (MH078113, MH077851, K08MH083888, MH077852, MH083126, MH077945, MH077862, K12HD055892)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sunovion
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- Astellas Pharma
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000430)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K08MH083888, R01MH077852, R01MH103368, MH‐077945, MH 077852, R01MH077851, K23MH083126, MH-078113, MH083126, MH077851, R01MH096913, MH‐077862, R01MH078113, R01MH077862, R01MH077945)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K12HD055892)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- oxytocin, vasopressin
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affective Disorders, Psychotic, Arginine Vasopressin, Emotions, Facial Expression, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxytocin, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Social Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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