The Relationship between Nurse Work Schedules, Sleep Duration, and Drowsy Driving
Open accessAbstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have shown that extended shifts worked by hospital staff nurses are associated with significantly higher risk of errors, yet little information is available about the ability to remain alert during the nurses' commutes following the completion of an extended work shift. The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of drowsy driving episodes and the relationship between drowsy driving and nurse work hours, alertness on duty, working at night, and sleep duration. PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected from 2 national random samples of registered nurses (n=895). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Full-time hospital staff nurses (n=895) completed logbooks on a daily basis for 4 weeks providing information concerning work hours, sleep duration, drowsy and sleep episodes at work, and drowsy driving occurrences. Almost 600 of the nurses (596/895) reported at least 1 episode of drowsy driving, and 30 nurses reported experiencing drowsy driving following every shift worked. Shorter sleep durations, working at night, and difficulties remaining awake at work significantly increased the likelihood of drowsy driving episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Given the large numbers of nurses who reported struggling to stay awake when driving home from work and the frequency with which nurses reported drowsy driving, greater attention should be paid to increasing nurse awareness of the risks and to implementing strategies to prevent drowsy driving episodes to ensure public safety. Without mitigation, fatigued nurses will continue to put the public and themselves at risk.
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In a 4-week daily-log study of 895 full-time hospital staff nurses, 66.6% reported at least one drowsy driving episode and 26.1% of shifts involved drowsy driving. Extended shifts, night work, decreased alertness on duty, and shorter sleep duration each significantly increased the odds of drowsy driving and MVC/near-MVC.
Key findings
- Of 895 nurses, 596 (66.6%) reported at least 1 drowsy driving episode; 30 nurses reported drowsy driving after every shift worked, and drowsy driving occurred on 26.1% of shifts on average.
- Working ≥12.5 consecutive hours doubled the risk of drowsy driving (OR = 2.00; P < 0.0001) and almost doubled the risk of an MVC/near-MVC (OR = 1.84; P = 0.03); night work increased drowsy driving risk (OR = 3.96; 95% CI = 3.24–4.84).
- Drowsiness at work tripled the likelihood of drowsy driving (OR = 3.37; P < 0.0001), and falling asleep on duty also increased it (OR = 1.31; P = 0.02).
- Nurses averaged 6.70 ± 1.79 hours of sleep on workdays; those who drove drowsy averaged 6.33 ± 2.10 hours versus 6.83 ± 1.63 hours for those who did not, and risk increased by 9% for each hour of sleep lost.
Methods
- Data came from 2 national random samples of registered nurses: 393 from the American Nurses Association and 502 from the American Association of Critical Care Nurses, yielding 895 full-time hospital staff nurses in direct-care roles and 11,334 work shifts.
- Participants completed daily logbooks for 4 weeks (two 14-day logbooks) reporting work hours, sleep/wake patterns, drowsiness and sleep episodes at work, and drowsy driving; MVC/near-MVC was assessed with a combined question.
- Univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression models examined drowsy driving in relation to shift duration, night versus non-night shift, alertness at work, and sleep duration, controlling for age, years of RN experience, marital status, and dependent care responsibilities.
Limitations
- Stated: the study relied on self-report data from a relatively small number of hospital staff nurses and may not be representative of other U.S. hospital staff nurses; demographic data did not include alcohol consumption, medication use, medical conditions, or history of snoring/sleep apnea.
- Stated: MVCs and near-MVCs were asked as a combined question, and actual MVC occurrence was not documented, so MVC analysis was limited and must be interpreted with caution.
- Evident: the observational design cannot establish causality, and the sample was predominantly Caucasian women in their mid-40s employed full time in hospitals, which may limit generalizability.
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Cites
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 11 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Alertness on Duty
16.9% (151/895) of the nurses actually fell asleep at least once during their work shift.
“and 16.9% (151/895) of the nurses actually fell asleep at least once during their work shift.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data§ MVCs and Near-MVCs
The risk for an MVC/near-MVC almost doubled (OR = 1.84; P = 0.03) when driving following shifts that exceeded 12.5 hours in duration.
“The risk for an MVC/near-MVC almost doubled (OR = 1.84;P = 0.03) when driving following shifts that exceeded 12.5 hours in duration (Table 2).”
- Also stated in: § Drowsy Driving-Scott et al · hedged
“Nevertheless, our findings do suggest that the likelihood of an MVC/near-MVC increases with extended work hours.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Drowsy Driving-Scott et al · hedged
- Findingown data§ MVCs and Near-MVCs
Of the 596 nurses who reported at least 1 episode of drowsy driving, 127 (21%) also reported at least 1 MVC/near-MVC.
“Of the 596 nurses who reported at least 1 episode of drowsy driving, 127 (21%) also reported at least 1 MVC/near-MVC.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data§ MVCs and Near-MVCs
Almost 16% (141/895) of the nurses reported experiencing at least 1 MVC/near-MVC during the 4-week data collection period.
“Almost 16% (141/895) of the nurses reported experiencing at least 1 MVC/near-MVC during the 4-week data collection period”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving-Scott et al
The risk for a drowsy driving episode doubled when nurses worked 12.5 or more consecutive hours (OR = 2.00; P < 0.0001).
“Nevertheless, the risk for a drowsy driving episode doubled when nurses worked 12.5 or more consecutive hours (OR = 2.00; P <0.0001).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Alertness on Duty
47% (970/2078) of the drowsy episodes occurred between 06:00 and 24:00.
“47% (970/2078) of the drowsy episodes and 28% (118/415) of the sleep episodes occurred between 06:00 and 24:00.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Alertness on Duty
65.8% (589/895) of the nurses reported struggling to stay awake at work at least once during the study period.
“Almost two thirds (65.8%) of the nurses (589/895) reported struggling to stay awake at work at least once during the study period”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data§ RESULTS
30 nurses reported experiencing drowsy driving following every shift they worked during the 4-week data-collection period.
“and 30 nurses reported experiencing drowsy driving following every shift they worked during the 4-week data-collection period.”
- Also stated in: § Study Objectives: · plain
“and 30 nurses reported experiencing drowsy driving following every shift worked.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Study Objectives: · plain
- Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Sleep Duration
The risk for a drowsy driving episode increased by 9% for each hour of sleep lost.
“The risk for a drowsy driving episode increased by 9% for each hour of sleep lost.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“it is important to note that the risk of a drowsy driving episode increased by 9% for every hour of sleep loss.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
- Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Alertness on Duty
Nurses reported drowsiness on duty during 2271 of 11,160 shifts (20%).
“Nurses reported drowsiness on duty during 2271 of 11,160 shifts (20%)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data§ RESULTS
On average, nurses reported experiencing an episode of drowsy driving 1 out of every 4 shifts they worked (26.1%).
“On average, nurses reported experiencing an episode of drowsy driving 1 out of every 4 shifts they worked (26.1%).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving-Scott et al
136 of the 171 nurses who worked only night shifts (79.5%) reported at least 1 episode of drowsy driving.
“In fact, 136 of the 171 nurses who worked only night shifts (79.5%) reported at least 1 episode of drowsy driving.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Alertness on Duty
The risk for a drowsy driving episode was increased when nurses reported falling asleep on duty (OR = 1.31; P = 0.02).
“The risk for a drowsy driving episode was also increased when nurses reported falling asleep on duty (OR = 1.31;P = 0.02).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Sleep Duration
Only 186 of the 895 participants (20.8%) reported obtaining at least 6.0 hours of sleep prior to every shift they worked.
“Only 186 of the 895 participants (20.8%) reported obtaining at least 6.0 hours of sleep prior to every shift they worked.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Shift Duration
Nurse work hours exceeded 12.5 hours for 53.9% (6111/11,334) of the shifts worked.
“However, nurse work hours exceeded 12.5 hours for 53.9% (6111/11,334) of the shifts worked.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given§ DISCUSSION
Nurses who worked extended shifts (≥ 12.5 hours) reported difficulty staying awake at work almost 1 of every 3 shifts worked, compared with nurses who worked less than 12.5 hours.
“Nurses who worked extended shifts (≥ 12.5 hours) also reported difficulty staying awake at work almost 1 of every 3 shifts worked, compared with nurses who worked less than 12.5 hours.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Shift Duration
On average, the respondents worked 11.92 + 2.28 hours each shift.
“On average, the respondents worked 11.92 + 2.28 hours each shift.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving-Scott et al
308 nurses who worked exclusively nonnight shifts (58.0%) struggled to stay awake at least once during their commutes from work.
“It is also important to note that 308 nurses who worked exclusively nonnight shifts (58.0%) struggled to stay awake at least once during their commutes from work.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Alertness on Duty
The likelihood of a drowsy driving incident was tripled (OR = 3.37; P < 0.0001) when nurses experienced episodes of drowsiness at work.
“In particular, the likelihood of a drowsy driving incident was tripled (OR = 3.37; P < 0.0001) when nurses experienced episodes of drowsiness at work (Table 4).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving-Scott et al
Working at night significantly increased the risk for a drowsy driving incident (OR = 3.96; 95% CI = 3.24-4.84).
“Working at night also significantly increased the risk for a drowsy driving incident (OR = 3.96; 95% confidence interval = 3.24-4.84).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Nurses working night shifts were almost 4 times more likely to report difficulties staying awake driving home, as compared with nurses who did not work during the night.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
- Findingreasoning§ DISCUSSION
Nurses who left work between the hours of 02:00 and 06:00 reported struggling to stay awake almost half the time during their drive home.
“Since sleep propensity/circadian drive for sleep is the greatest during the early morning hours, it is not surprising that nurses who left work between the hours of 02:00 and 06:00 reported struggling to stay awake almost half the time during their drive home.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving-Scott et al
Drowsy driving episodes occurred following 30% of the shifts worked between 06:00 and 24:00.
“Consequently, drowsy driving episodes occurred following 30% of the shifts worked between 06:00 and 24:00.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Alertness on Duty
28% (118/415) of the sleep episodes occurred between 06:00 and 24:00.
“47% (970/2078) of the drowsy episodes and 28% (118/415) of the sleep episodes occurred between 06:00 and 24:00.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data§ Total and Adjusted Effects on Drowsy Driving
Shift and sleep duration, alertness at work, and working at night remained significantly associated with drowsy driving episodes after controlling for all study variables, age, and dependent care responsibilities.
“Shift and sleep duration, alertness at work, and working at night remained significantly associated with drowsy driving episodes after controlling for all study variables, as well as age and dependent care responsibilities of the nurse participants.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data§ Total and Adjusted Effects on Drowsy Driving
Alertness at work (OR = 2.93) and working at night (OR = 2.74) had the largest adjusted effects on drowsy driving, compared with work hours (OR = 1.53) and sleep duration (OR = 0.93).
“Alertness at work (i.e., drowsiness or sleep episodes) (OR = 2.93; P < 0.0001) and working at night (OR = 2.74; P < 0.0001) had the largest adjusted effects on drowsy driving when compared with work hours (OR = 1.53;P < 0.0001) and sleep duration (OR = 0.93; P < 0.0001).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Alertness on Duty
Actual sleep episodes occurred during 447 of 11,160 shifts (4%).
“whereas actual sleep episodes occurred during 447 of 11,160 shifts (4%).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Study design and conductcitation§ DISCUSSION
The demographic characteristics and work hours reported by the sample are comparable with data from the National Sample Study of Registered Nurses and other recent studies of nurse work hours.
“However, the demographic characteristics and work hours reported by our sample are comparable with data reported by the National Sample Study of Registered Nurses, 32 a probability-based sample, and other recent studies of nurse work hours.33”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [32]
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- cites [33]
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- Interpretationreasoning§ DISCUSSION
The combination of long work hours and working at night makes driving home particularly hazardous.
“Given that both shift duration and time of work shift are problematic, the combination of long work hours and working at night make driving home particularly hazardous.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation§ SLEEP AND DRIVING
Most studies conducted among hospital staff nurses have focused on their ability to remain awake during traditional or rotating shifts.
“Most studies conducted among hospital staff nurses have focused on their ability to remain awake during traditional or rotating shifts.[21][22][23][24]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [21]
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- cites [22]
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- cites [23]
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- Premisecitation§ SLEEP AND DRIVING
Information concerning the number of crashes and nearcrashes experienced by hospital staff nurses driving home from work is limited.
“Information concerning the number of crashes and nearcrashes experienced by hospital staff nurses driving home from work is limited.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [21]
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- cites [22]
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- cites [23]
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- Interpretationreasoning§ Drowsy Driving-Scott et al
It is probable that an increase in sleep-related MVC rates among nurses may occur.
“With the percentage of nurses reporting actual crashes due to sleepiness or experiencing episodes of drowsiness while driving, it is probable that an increase in sleep-related MVC rates among nurses may occur.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: Many of the nurses reporting difficulties staying awake driving home, as well as the number of nurses whose shift durations exceeded 12.5 hours, were at risk for a fatigue-related crash.
- Interpretationown data§ DISCUSSION
Nurses are not immune to the fatigue-related driving risks posed by work-rest schedules.
“The findings of this study suggest that nurses are not immune to the fatigue-related driving risks posed by work-rest schedules.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductcitation§ Data Analyses
The approach of generalized estimating equations (GEEs) was used to account for nonindependence between multiple shifts worked by the same nurse while providing valid and robust estimates of odds ratios.
“The approach of GEEs was used to account for nondependence between multiple shifts worked by the same nurse while still providing valid and robust estimates of OR for nonindependence between repeated measures.27”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [27]
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationown data§ DISCUSSION
Nurse drowsiness when driving home from work poses a significant hazard to both nurses themselves and the general public.
“The high number of nurses who report struggling to stay awake at least once during a 28-day data-collection period and the high number of shifts involved suggests that nurse drowsiness when driving home from work poses a significant hazard to both nurses themselves and the general public.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
- May combine two claims. 7
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 4
The quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown data§ DISCUSSIONNurses who reported being drowsy driving home from work averaged 6.33 ± 2.10 hours of sleep, compared with 6.83 ± 1.63 hours for nurses who did not experience drowsiness while driving.
“Nurses who reported struggling to stay awake reported sleeping, on average, 30 minutes less than those who were able to remain alert.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimThe quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown data§ RESULTSOf the 895 hospital staff nurses who participated, 596 (66.6%) reported at least 1 episode of drowsy driving during the 4-week data-collection period.
“Of the 895 hospital staff nurses who participated in this study, 596 (66.6%) reported at least 1 episode of drowsy driving”
- Also stated in: § Study Objectives: · plain
“Almost 600 of the nurses (596/895) reported at least 1 episode of drowsy driving”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Also stated in: § Study Objectives: · plain
May combine two claims.
Findingown data§ Drowsy Driving and Sleep DurationStudy participants averaged 6.70 ± 1.79 hours of sleep, including naps, on workdays, with a median sleep duration of 6.5 hours.
“Study participants averaged 6.70 ± 1.79 hours of sleep, including naps, on workdays and frequently reported to work with limited amounts of sleep (median sleep duration = 6.5 hours).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown data§ MVCs and Near-MVCsThe majority of the MVC/near-MVCs occurred following shifts that exceeded 12.5 hours in duration (59%) or were completed during the night (55%).
“The majority of the MVC/near-MVCs occurred following shifts that exceeded 12.5 hours in duration (59%) or were completed during the night (55%).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Study design and conductown data§ DISCUSSIONThe demographic information collected did not include alcohol consumption, medication use, medical conditions, or history of snoring/sleep apnea.
“Unfortunately, the demographic information collected from the nurse participants did not include alcohol consumption, medication use, medical conditions, or history of snoring/sleep apnea.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductown data§ Data AnalysesMultivariate procedures controlled for demographic variables including age, years experience as an RN, marital status, and dependent care responsibilities.
“Multivariate procedures were conducted to examine adjusted relationships between drowsy driving and work hours, night versus non-night shift, level of alertness (reports of drowsiness or sleep episodes) at work, and sleep duration while controlling for demographic variables including age, years experience as an RN, marital status, and dependent care responsibilities.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductnone given§ METHODSThe data were collected from 2 national random samples of registered nurses: 393 randomly selected from the ANA membership roster and 502 randomly selected from the AACN membership roster.
“The data used for this study were collected from 2 national random samples of RNs: 393 RNs who were randomly selected from the membership roster of the American Nurses Association (ANA) and 502 RNs who were randomly selected from the membership roster of the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductown data§ Drowsy Driving-Scott et alBecause MVCs and near-MVCs were asked about as a combined question, the actual prevalence of MVCs could not be ascertained.
“Because we asked about MVCs/near-MVCs as a combined question, we were not able to ascertain the actual prevalence of MVCs.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Study design and conductown data§ DISCUSSIONThe study is limited by reliance on self-report data from a relatively small number of hospital staff nurses and may not be representative of other hospital staff nurses in the United States.
“The study is limited by a reliance on self-report data from a relatively small number of hospital staff nurses and may not be representative of the work schedules and driving habits of other hospital staff nurses in the United States.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Interpretationown data§ DISCUSSION12-hour shifts, the most common scheduling pattern for hospital nurses in the United States, increased the risk of drowsy driving and the potential for an MVC/near-MVC.
“We found that 12-hour shifts, the most common scheduling pattern for hospital nurses in the United States, increased the risk of drowsy driving and the potential for an MVC/near-MVC.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductown data§ Drowsy Driving-Scott et alWithout documentation to substantiate the actual occurrence of an MVC, the analysis of MVCs was limited and must be interpreted with caution.
“Moreover, without documentation to substantiate the actual occurrence of an MVC, our analysis of MVCs was limited and must be interpreted with caution.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Interpretationown data§ Total and Adjusted Effects on Drowsy DrivingNurses who worked extended hours, worked at night, struggled to remain alert at work, or obtained less sleep were more likely to experience a drowsy driving episode.
“Based on these results, nurses who worked extended hours, worked at night, struggled to remain alert at work, or obtained less sleep were more likely to experience a drowsy driving episode.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Interpretationcitation§ DISCUSSIONThe proportion of nurses reporting drowsy driving episodes in this study is higher than the proportion reported in the general public in a four-week period (27%) and higher than the proportion reported for nurses in an earlier study.
“The proportion of nurses reporting drowsy driving episodes in this study is higher than the proportion reported in the general public in a four-week period (27%) 29 and higher than the proportion reported for nurses in an earlier study.24”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [29]
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- cites [24]
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The authors state this as an assumption.
Many of the nurses reporting difficulties staying awake driving home, as well as the number of nurses whose shift durations exceeded 12.5 hours, were at risk for a fatigue-related crash.
“Based on our data and the data presented in the tables by Gold et al, 24 we believe it is safe to assume that many of the nurses reporting difficulties staying awake driving home, as well as the number of nurses whose shift durations exceeded 12.5 hours, were at risk for a fatigue-related crash.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Young children, being unmarried, working long hours, overweight and obesity, and measures of poor health including acute and chronic respiratory conditions, pain, and anxiety increase the odds of short sleep and have a null or inverse association with long sleep.
“Young children, being unmarried (19,26), working long hours (11,27,28), overweight and obesity (3-5), and measures of poor health (13,14,16,20,37,38,40) including acute and chronic respiratory conditions, pain, and anxiety increase the odds of short sleep and have a null or inverse association with long sleep.”
From Sleep Duration in the United States: A Cross-sectional Population-based Study (2009) · cites this paper as [27]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
MVC/near-MVC counts total 282, not 281
MinorThe shift-duration rows in Table 2 list 20, 96, and 166 shifts with an MVC or near-MVC, totaling 282. The results state that 281 episodes were reported.
“| ≤ 8.5 | 20 | 15.7 | 1.00 | | | > 8.5 -< 12.5 | 96 | 22.3 | 1.40 (0.84-2.33) | 0.20 | | ≥ 12.5 | 166 | 31.3 | 1.84 (1.06-3.20) | 0.03 |”
“As a result, 281 episodes of MVCs/near-MVCs were reported during the study period.”
MVC percentages repeat drowsy-driving percentages despite different event counts
MinorTables 2 and 3 give identical percentages in all three shift-duration categories, although Table 2 reports far fewer shifts with MVCs or near-MVCs than Table 3 reports with drowsy driving. For example, both give 15.7% for shifts of 8.5 hours or less, with counts of 20 and 203 respectively; percentages of shifts in the same duration category cannot both be correct.
“Table: 2 Table 2 - Relationship Between Shift Duration and MVC or Near-MVC | Hours worked | Shifts with MVC or near/MVC | OR (95% CI) | P Value | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | No. | % | | | | ≤ 8.5 | 20 | 15.7 | 1.00 | |”
“Table: 3 Table 3 - Relationship Between Shift Duration and Drowsy Driving | Hours worked | Shifts with drowsy driving | | OR (95% CI) | P Value | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | No. | % | | | | ≤ 8.5 | 203 | 15.7 | 1.00 | |”
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- Authors
- Scott, L. D., Hwang, W.-T., Rogers, A. E., Nysse, T., Dean, G. E., & Dinges, D. F.
- Affiliations
- Grand Valley State University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Spectrum Health (US)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Scott, Linda D.
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1801-1807
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC2276124
- OpenAlex
- W1484110639
- Semantic Scholar
- 002786a969cb041b298503dc55de1b4129363efa
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 13.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Nurses Foundation
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (HS11963-01, R01 HS011963)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Hospital Admissions and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- drowsy driving, sleep duration, night shift work, fatigue, registered nurses, occupational safety
- MeSH terms
- Accidents, Traffic, Adult, Automobile Driving, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Occupational Diseases, Risk Factors, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Stages, Wakefulness, Work Schedule Tolerance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-10.
Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-10.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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