Enhancing Slow Wave Sleep with Sodium Oxybate Reduces the Behavioral and Physiological Impact of Sleep Loss
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STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether enhancement of slow wave sleep (SWS) with sodium oxybate reduces the impact of sleep deprivation. DESIGN: Double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled design SETTING: Sleep research laboratory PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-eight healthy adults (28 placebo, 30 sodium oxybate), ages 18-50 years. INTERVENTIONS: A 5-day protocol included 2 screening/baseline nights and days, 2 sleep deprivation nights, each followed by a 3-h daytime (08:00-11:00) sleep opportunity and a recovery night. Sodium oxybate or placebo was administered prior to each daytime sleep period. Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and Profile of Mood States were administered during waking hours. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: During daytime sleep, the sodium oxybate group had more SWS, more EEG spectral power in the 1-9 Hz range, and less REM. Mean MSLT latency was longer for the sodium oxybate group on the night following the first daytime sleep period and on the day following the second day sleep period. Median PVT reaction time was faster in the sodium oxybate group following the second day sleep period. The change from baseline in SWS was positively correlated with the change in MSLT and KSS. During recovery sleep the sodium oxybate group had less TST, SWS, REM, and slow wave activity (SWA) than the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacological enhancement of SWS with sodium oxybate resulted in a reduced response to sleep loss on measures of alertness and attention. In addition, SWS enhancement during sleep restriction appears to result in a reduced homeostatic response to sleep loss.
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No signs of improved encoding were revealed after a drug-induced enhancement of SWA by sodium oxybate.
“However, no signs of improved encoding were revealed after a drug-induced enhancement of SWA by sodium oxybate (1297).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1297]
The Results report that sodium oxybate increased slow-wave sleep relative to placebo. But the Methods state that the memory tests would be reported in a subsequent publication, and this paper does not report an encoding result. Its finding of no group difference on the DSST and WCST (Results) does not establish that encoding failed to improve. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Walsh, J. K., Hall-Porter, J. M., Griffin, K. S., Dodson, E. R., Forst, E. H., Curry, D. T., Eisenstein, R. D., & Schweitzer, P. K.
- Affiliations
- St. Luke's Hospital (US)
- Saint Louis University (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Walsh, James K.
- ORCID
- Schweitzer, Paula K.
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1217-1225
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC2938863
- OpenAlex
- W1511078671
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- sodium oxybate, slow-wave sleep, sleep deprivation, sleep restriction, sleep homeostasis, daytime sleep, alertness, attention, sleepiness, REM sleep, slow-wave activity, EEG spectral power
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Adjuvants, Anesthesia, Attention, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance, Sleep Deprivation, Sodium Oxybate, Body Mass Index, GABA Agents, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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