Differential Effects of Sodium Oxybate and Baclofen on EEG, Sleep, Neurobehavioral Performance, and Memory
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STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sodium oxybate (SO) is a GABAβ agonist used to treat the sleep disorder narcolepsy. SO was shown to increase slow wave sleep (SWS) and EEG delta power (0.75-4.5 Hz), both indexes of NREM sleep (NREMS) intensity and depth, suggesting that SO enhances recuperative function of NREM. We investigated whether SO induces physiological deep sleep. DESIGN: SO was administered before an afternoon nap or before the subsequent experimental night in 13 healthy volunteers. The effects of SO were compared to baclofen (BAC), another GABAβ receptor agonist, to assess the role of GABAβ receptors in the SO response. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: As expected, a nap significantly decreased sleep need and intensity the subsequent night. Both drugs reversed this nap effect on the subsequent night by decreasing sleep latency and increasing total sleep time, SWS during the first NREMS episode, and EEG delta and theta (0.75-7.25 Hz) power during NREMS. The SO-induced increase in EEG delta and theta power was, however, not specific to NREMS and was also observed during REM sleep (REMS) and wakefulness. Moreover, the high levels of delta power during a nap following SO administration did not affect delta power the following night. SO and BAC taken before the nap did not improve subsequent psychomotor performance and subjective alertness, or memory consolidation. Finally, SO and BAC strongly promoted the appearance of sleep onset REM periods. CONCLUSIONS: The SO-induced EEG slow waves seem not to be functionally similar to physiological slow waves. Our findings also suggest a role for GABAβ receptors in REMS generation.
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Sodium oxybate or baclofen before nap increased SWS without affecting sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation of word pairs and face-location associations.
“Administration of the GABA B agonists sodium oxybate or baclofen before a nap increased SWS, without affecting sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation of word pairs and face-location associations (1255).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1255]
The ‘SO Strongly Affects Nap Sleep’ section reports increased SWS during naps under sodium oxybate, but only a tendency toward increased SWS under baclofen. ‘A Nap with or without SO or BAC Improves Memory Performance’ reports no difference from placebo on the word-pair or face-location memory tasks. Thus, the memory finding is supported, but the claim overstates baclofen’s effect on nap SWS. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Vienne, J., Lecciso, G., Constantinescu, I., Schwartz, S., Franken, P., Heinzer, R., & Tafti, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Tafti, Mehdi
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1071-1084
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC3397788
- OpenAlex
- W2154924363
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (108478, 3100A0)
- UCB Pharma
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sodium oxybate, baclofen, slow-wave sleep, EEG delta power, REM sleep, sleep onset REM periods, sleep need, sleep latency, memory consolidation, psychomotor performance, alertness, narcolepsy treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Baclofen, Electroencephalography, Humans, Male, Memory, Psychomotor Performance, Sleep, Sleep Stages, Sodium Oxybate, Time Factors, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Receptors, GABA-B, Young Adult, GABA-B Receptor Agonists
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