The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Disrupted neural responses to phonological and orthographic processing in dyslexic children: an fMRI study
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia, characterized by difficulty in reading, has been associated with phonological and orthographic processing deficits. fMRI was performed on dyslexic and normal-reading children (8-12 years old) during phonological and orthographic tasks of rhyming and matching visually presented letter pairs. During letter rhyming, both normal and dyslexic reading children had activity in left frontal brain regions, whereas only normal-reading children had activity in left temporo-parietal cortex. During letter matching, normal-reading children showed activity throughout extrastriate cortex, especially in occipito-parietal regions, whereas dyslexic children had little activity in extrastriate cortex during this task. These results indicate dyslexia may be characterized in childhood by disruptions in the neural bases of both phonological and orthographic processes important for reading.
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In the citing paper
“The children with dyslexia had previously shown an absence of activation in left temporo-parietal cortex that was present in normal-reading children when they performed a phonological task (12).”
From Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI (2003) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“The children with dyslexia had previously shown activation in left frontal cortex during phonological processing (12), but their activation was localized more anteriorly and medially than normal-reading children.”
From Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI (2003) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“This disruption, however, is also evident in children with dyslexia (12, 13), which suggests that it is fundamental to the disorder.”
From Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI (2003) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Previously (12), we had observed normal-reading children's left inferior frontal activity to be more posterior than that in the children with dyslexia, encompassing parts of BA 6 and 44 (Fig. 1A).”
From Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI (2003) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“The left temporo-parietal region, which showed increased activity after remediation was near (foci 1.85 cm apart) but not overlapping the temporo-parietal region which had been shown, in these same children, to be under-activated (12) compared with controls.”
From Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI (2003) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Before remediation, the children with dyslexia had shown activity in left inferior frontal gyrus, but in a different location than normal-reading children doing the same task (12).”
From Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI (2003) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Left temporo-parietal cortex has been shown to be involved in phonological processing in children and adults and to be disrupted in children and adults with dyslexia during phonological processing (5, 12, 28–32).”
From Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI (2003) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Children with dyslexia showed increased activity after remediation in brain regions that had previously been underactive in children (and adults) with dyslexia as compared with controls (5, 12).”
From Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI (2003) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“These studies converge on the finding of underactivation in perisylvian cortex and occipito-temporal gyri in dyslexia.”
From Deviant processing of letters and speech sounds as proximate cause of reading failure: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of dyslexic children. (2010) · cites this paper as Temple et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“To date, paediatric fMRI studies have not directly investigated the associations of letters and speech sounds.”
From Deviant processing of letters and speech sounds as proximate cause of reading failure: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of dyslexic children. (2010) · cites this paper as Temple et al., 2001
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ResultChapter 4 Functional neuroimaging of cognition
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“This dysfunction of activation of the temporoparietal area is accompanied by a reversal of left-right asymmetry (Brunswick et al., 1999; Shaywitz, Morris, & Shaywitz, 2008; Temple et al., 2001).”
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“Structural versus functional bases for reading disorders have been provided by recent investigations involving event-related potentials and functional imaging (Heim et al., 2000; Heim, Freeman, Eulitz, & Elbert, 2001; Lachman, Berti, Kujala, & Schroger, 2005; Temple et al., 2001).”
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“Enhanced left occipito-parietal activity in TD children and less activity in dyslexic children for orthographic tasks have been reported (Temple et al., 2001).”
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“…10 July 2013 rior frontal regions: A variety of studies consistently reported activation differences between good reading and dyslexic readers (Rumsey et al. 1997, Georgiewa et al. 1999, 2002, Temple et al. 2001, Cao et al. 2006, Hoeft et al. 2006, 2007, Heim et al. 2010a, Wimmer et al. 2010).”
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“In addition, the enhanced asymmetrical activity in the left hemisphere observed in normal readers, evidenced by fMRI studies, for instance, in which normal readers demonstrated increasingly higher activation in temporoparietal areas in relation to increasing demands for phonological processing [94,95] is in contrast t…”
ResultCENTRAL AUDITORY PROCESSES PREDICT READING ABILITIES OF CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA
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“A similar finding has often been reported in developmental reading disability (Pugh et al., 2008; Simos et al., 2000; Simos et al., 2002; Temple et al., 2001), suggesting that a particular physiological phenotype may have distinct developmental antecedents and be associated with different…”
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“[78] suggested that difficulties in reading are associated with both phonological and orthographic processing deficits, and that dyslexia may be characterised in childhood by disruptions in the neural bases of both phonological and orthographic processes important for reading.”
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“…important role in the mapping between phonological and orthographic representations (Booth et al., 2002; Chen, Fu, Iversen, Smith, & Matthews, 2002; Temple et al., 2001), (iii) the left fusiform gyrus also known to be the visual word form area, which is typically associated with visual word form…”
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“These areas include the STGp and the AG in adult and child DRs (Shaywitz et al., 1998; Temple et al., 2001) and the temporal and parietal areas in adult DRs (Brunswick, McCrory, Price, Frith, & Frith, 1999; Paulesu et al., 1996; Rumsey et al., 1997).”
BackgroundInfluentialClassi, P. M., Le, T. K., Ward, S., & Johnston, J. A. (2011) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-5-38 · Cited by 5
“A large body of literature has provided evidence of a neurological basis for RD [22-34].”
BackgroundCriar leitores para uma sociedade democrática
Morais, J. (2013) · Signo · doi:10.17058/signo.v38i0.4539 · Cited by 8
Cognitive development: functional magnetic resonance imaging studies
Luna, B., & Sweeney, J. A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511735103.005 · Cited by 5
Reading skill correlates in frontal cortex during semantic and phonological processingPreprint
Brozdowski, C., & Booth, J. R. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/d3mj7 · Cited by 5
Ashburn, S. M., Matejko, A. A., & Eden, G. F. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1135166 · Cited by 4
Children With Reading Difficulty Rely on Unimodal Neural Processing for Phonemic Awareness
Randazzo, M., Greenspon, E. B., Booth, J. R., & McNorgan, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00390 · Cited by 5
Tan, L. (2005) · The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) · Cited by 4
Neurobiological Correlates of Dyslexia
Breznitz, Z., & Lebovitz, L. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74980-8_1 · Cited by 4
The development of orthographic knowledge: A cognitive neuroscience investigation of reading skill
Bolger, D. J. (2007) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 4
Effective connectivity of visual word recognition and homophone orthographic errors
Guàrdia‐Olmos, J., Peró, M., Zarabozo‐Hurtado, D., González-Garrido, A. A., & Gudayol‐Ferré, E. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00640 · Cited by 4
“Two groups of 12 Mexican subjects each, matched by age, were formed based on their results in a series of ad hoc spelling-related out-scanner tests: a high spelling skills (HSSs) group and a low spelling skills (LSSs) group.”
BackgroundMethodFundamentos neuropsicológicos de la dislexia evolutiva
Pino, J. A. H., Harb, S. L., Bassi, N. S. J., & Samper, G. P. S. (2007) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 4
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“Many early studies (e.g. Paulesu et al. 2001; Temple et al. 2001) reported activation differences between normal and dyslexic readers in what was usually called the ‘‘temporoparietal junction’’ or ‘‘temporo-parieto-occipital cortex’’.”
BackgroundResultOCDE (2002) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/9789264274983-fr · Cited by 5
Rosenke, M., van den Hurk, J., Margalit, E., de Beeck, H. O., Kalanit Grill-spector, A., & Weiner, K. S. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.14.151092 · Cited by 4
“Empirically supporting either hypothesis has implications for future studies comparing populations at the group and individual level (Temple et al., 2001; Avidan et al., 2005; Duchaine and Nakayama, 2005; Cantlon et al., 2006; Golarai et al., 2007; Scherf et al., 2007a; Rykhlevskaia et al., 2009;…”
BackgroundCross-Linguistic Transfer (CLT) in Bilingual Speakers : Neural Correlates of Language Learning
Saidi, L. G. (2012) · doi:10.71781/30417 · Cited by 4
Grosmaître, C., Auclair, L., Dorfmüller, G., Leunen, D., Delalande, O., Folhen, M., Bulteau, C., & Jambaqué, I. (2012) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554794.2012.732088 · Cited by 4
Hemispheric Lateralization Analysis in Dyslexic and Normal Children using Rest-EEG
Seshadri, N. P. G., & Singh, B. K. (2020) · IEEE Recent Advances in Intelligent Computational Systems · doi:10.1109/raics51191.2020.9332509 · Cited by 3
“The core cause of this disorder is still remains unclear but many studies[2][3][4] have shown supportive evidence related to phonological processing deficiency in individuals with dyslexia.”
Wang, A., Yan, X., Feng, G., & Cao, F. (2024) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108935 · Cited by 3
Dyslexia: Advances in clinical and imaging studies
Koeda, T., Seki, A., Uchiyama, H. T., & Sadato, N. (2010) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2010.11.006 · Cited by 3
Defining the Role of Intellectual and Cognitive Assessment in Special Education
Holdnack, J. A. (2003) · Cited by 3
Effects of a Phonological Intervention on EEG Connectivity Dynamics in Dyslexic Children
Bedo, N., Ender-Fox, D., Chow, J., Siegel, L. S., Ribary, U., & Ward, L. M. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.95975 · Cited by 3
Dyslexia: The Brain Bases of Reading Impairments
Kovelman, I., Christodoulou, J. A., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118432501.ch42 · Cited by 2
Self-citationÉtude par IRMf des processus phonologiques impliqués dans la lecture de mots et de pseudo-mots
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The Role of Temporal and Phonological Processing In Early Reading Development: A Longitudinal Study
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Fiber Pathways for Language in the Developing Brain: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Study
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Az olvasás fejlődése kognitív idegtudományi nézőpontból
Tóth, D., & Csépe, V. (2009) · Pszichológia · doi:10.1556/pszicho.29.2009.4.3 · Cited by 2
Neurocognitive Markers of Developmental Dyslexia
Shuai, L., Frost, S. J., Landi, N., Mencl, W., & Pugh, K. (2019) · Developmental Dyslexia across Languages and Writing Systems · doi:10.1017/9781108553377.013 · Cited by 2
Tong, X., Lv, Y., Wang, T., Duan, R., & Tong, S. X. (2025) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.01.023 · Cited by 2
The Relationships Between Motor Learning, the Visual System and Dyslexia
Sela, I. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4086-0_10 · Cited by 2
Spatial Attention Shifting and Phonological Processing in Adults with Dyslexia
Abbott, I., Larkin, R. F., & Dunn, A. K. (2015) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Temple, E., Poldrack, R. A., Salidis, J., Deutsch, G. K., Tallal, P., Merzenich, M. M., & Gabrieli, J. D. E.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Venue
- Neuroreport
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 299-307
- ISSN
- 0959-4965 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985665858
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 40.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroreport (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5f32mh012374-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (1F32MH-12374-01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- developmental dyslexia, phonological processing, orthographic processing, letter matching, children, extrastriate cortex, reading
- MeSH terms
- Child, Dominance, Cerebral, Dyslexia, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Parietal Lobe, Phonetics, Reading, Temporal Lobe
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