Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the outcome of a sample of children and adolescents hospitalized with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to assess different duration and severity criteria to define recovery and recurrence. Method Fifty-nine of 70 children and adolescents were reevaluated 1 to 5 years later, and the intervening course of depression and other disorders was assessed using the Kiddie-Longitudinal interval Follow-up Evaluation (K-LIFE). Results Ninety-eight percent of subjects had recovered from their index MDD episode within 1 year of their initial evaluation, but 61% had at least one recurrence during the follow-up period. Of those with recurrences, 47.2% had a recurrence within 1 year and 69.4% by 2 years from the offset of the index episode. Changing the criteria for recovery by increasing the length of time required to define recovery resulted in decreases in the number of episodes of recurrence reported. Conclusion MDD in children and adolescents is often an episodic disorder. Difference in definitions of recovery and recurrence affect the data reported. Consistent definitions of remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence are needed. These data suggest that recovery may be defined after two consecutive months without symptoms and that episodes of MDD may be briefer, but more frequent, in children and adolescents than in adults.
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A third group of studies shows atypical survival curves where the time-specific risk of return of symptoms even increases over time during certain time intervals.
“A third group of studies shows atypical survival curves where the time-specific risk of return of symptoms even increases over time during certain time intervals”
From Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Emslie et al. 1997
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“One factor limiting such studies in adults, as well as in children and adolescents, is the lack of uniform definitions for relapse or recurrence of illness (Frank et al., 1991).”
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- Authors
- EMSLIE, G. J., RUSH, A. J., WEINBERG, W. A., GULLION, C. M., RINTELMANN, J., & HUGHES, C. W.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Children's Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- EMSLIE, GRAHAM J.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-06
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 785-792
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2084952860
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- NIMH (MH 39188)
- the Mental Health Clinical Research Center (MH41115)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, childhood depression, adolescent depression, recurrence, recovery, remission, relapse, hospitalized children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child Psychiatry, Child, Hospitalized, Depressive Disorder, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Recurrence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors
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