Depressed Adolescents Treated with Exercise (DATE): a pilot randomized controlled trial to test feasibility and establish preliminary effect sizes
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The Depressed Adolescents Treated with Exercise (DATE) study evaluated a standardized aerobic exercise protocol to treat nonmedicated adolescents that met DSM-IV-TR criteria for major depressive disorder. From an initial screen of 90 individuals, 30 adolescents aged 12-18 years were randomized to either vigorous exercise (EXER) (>12 kg/kcal/week [KKW]) or a control stretching (STRETCH) activity (< 4 KKW) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the blinded clinician rating of the Children's Depression Rating Scale - Revised (CDRS-R) to assess depression severity and Actical (KKW) accelerometry 24hr/7days a week to assess energy expenditure and adherence. Follow-up evaluations occurred at weeks 26 and 52. The EXER group averaged 77% adherence and the STRETCH group 81% for meeting weekly target goals for the 12 week intervention based on weekly sessions completed and meeting KKW requirements. There was a significant increase in overall weekly KKW expenditures (p < .001) for both groups with the EXER group doubling the STRETCH group in weekly energy expenditure. Depressive symptoms were significantly reduced from baseline for both groups with the EXER group improving more rapidly than STRETCH after six weeks (p < .016) and nine weeks (p < .001). Both groups continued to improve such that there were no group differences after 12 weeks (p = .07). By week 12, the exercise group had a 100% response rate (86% remission), whereas the stretch group response rate was 67% (50% remission) (p = .02). Both groups had improvements in multiple areas of psychosocial functioning related to school and relationships with parents and peers. Anthropometry reflected decreased waist, hip and thigh measurements (p = .02), more so for females than males (p = .05), but there were no weight changes for either gender. The EXER group sustained 100% remission at week 26 and 52. The STRETCH group had 80% response and 70% remission rates at week 26 and by week 52 only one had not fully responded. The study provides support for the use of exercise as a non-medication intervention for adolescents with major depressive disorders when good adherence and energy expenditure (KKW) are achieved.
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A small number of randomised controlled trials have investigated the efficacy of exercise for adolescents experiencing clinical levels of depression, while for adults, the available trial base is comparatively larger.
“A small number of randomised controlled trials have investigated the efficacy of exercise for adolescents experiencing clinical levels of depression (e.g.Bailey 2018; Carter 2021; Hughes 2013; Philippot 2022), while for adults, the available trial base is comparatively larger (e.g.Cooney 2013;Dunn 2005;Hallgren 2015).”
From Exercise for the treatment of anxiety in children and adolescents (2022) · cites this paper as Hughes 2013
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- Authors
- Hughes, C. W., Barnes, S., Barnes, C., DeFina, L. F., Nakonezny, P., & Emslie, G. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Cooper Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hughes, Carroll W.
- Venue
- Mental Health and Physical Activity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 119-131
- ISSN
- 1755-2966 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3827851
- OpenAlex
- W2062246459
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 3.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Mental health and physical activity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R34MH075762)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- adolescent depression, exercise therapy, aerobic exercise, major depressive disorder, adolescents, non-pharmacological treatment, energy expenditure, exercise adherence, stretching, depression remission, psychosocial functioning, anthropometry, waist circumference, sex differences, feasibility, Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised, accelerometry
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