A randomized trial of a group cognitive intervention for preventing depression in adolescent offspring of depressed parents
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adolescent offspring of depressed parents are at high risk for development of depression. Cognitive restructuring therapy holds promise for preventing progression to depressive episodes. METHODS: A randomized, controlled trial was conducted to prevent depressive episodes in at-risk offspring (aged 13-18 years) of adults treated for depression in a health maintenance organization (HMO). Potential adult cases were found by reviewing the HMO pharmacy records for dispensation of antidepressant medication and the mental health appointment system. Medical charts were reviewed for a depression diagnosis. Recruitment letters signed by treating physicians were mailed to adults. Eligible offspring had subdiagnostic depressive symptoms insufficient to meet full DSM-III-R criteria for affective disorder and/or a past mood disorder. These youth were randomized to usual HMO care (n = 49) or usual care plus a 15-session group cognitive therapy prevention program (n = 45). RESULTS: We detected significant treatment-by-time (program) effects for the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (P=.005) and the Global Assessment of Functioning scores (P =.04). Survival analysis of incident major depressive episodes during a median 15-month follow-up found a significant advantage (P =.003) for the experimental condition (9.3% cumulative major depression incidence) compared with the usual-care control condition (28.8%). CONCLUSION: A brief, group cognitive therapy prevention program can reduce the risk for depression in the adolescent offspring of parents with a history of depression.
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CBT has been shown to prevent depression in high-risk adolescent groups including the offspring of depressed adults.
“It has also been shown to prevent depression in high-risk adolescent groups including the offspring of depressed adults.10”
From Computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for depression in adolescents: Study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as [10]
CATCH-IT is based on face-to-face interventions that have demonstrated efficacy.
“Our intervention, Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive Behavioral Humanistic and Interpersonal Training (CATCH-IT), is based on face-to-face interventions of demonstrated efficacy.42-45”
From Adolescent and parent experiences with a primary care/Internet-based depression prevention intervention (CATCH-IT) (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
Much of the Internet site content was adapted from group CBT psychotherapy manuals that have been successfully employed in several face-to-face randomized trials.
“Much of the Internet site content was adapted from group CBT psychotherapy manuals [28,29] that have been successfully employed in several face-to-face randomized trials [30-34].”
From Overcoming Depression on the Internet (ODIN): A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Internet Depression Skills Intervention Program (2002) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Clarke, G. N., Hornbrook, M., Lynch, F., Polen, M., Gale, J., Beardslee, W., O'Connor, E., & Seeley, J.
- Affiliations
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Clarke, Gregory N.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2001-12-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1127
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2122338294
- Cited by
- 615
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 27.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh051318-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (1R01 MH 51318-01A1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- depression prevention, offspring of depressed parents, adolescent depression, group cognitive therapy, family history of depression, health maintenance organizations
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Maintenance Organizations, Humans, Male, Personality Assessment, Psychotherapy, Brief, Psychotherapy, Group, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Child of Impaired Parents, Treatment Outcome
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