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Aerobic exercise and the lipid profile in type 1 diabetic men: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract
PURPOSE: Despite the potential importance of favorable changes in the lipid profile produced by aerobic exercise, training-induced lipid profile changes in atherosclerosis-prone type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) have not heretofore been adequately addressed. METHODS: We assessed the effect of a 12- to 16-wk aerobic exercise program on cardiorespiratory fitness and the lipid profile in young men with type 1 DM. Generally active men aged 20-40 yr with type 1 DM (N = 56) were randomized into training (N = 28) and control (untrained, N = 28) groups after baseline measurements. Training consisted of 30-60 min moderate-intensity running 3-5 times a week for 12-16 wk. RESULTS: For the 42 men finishing the study, peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) increased significantly only in the trained group. Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B decreased and the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/apo A-I ratio increased in the trained group. HDL and apo A-I increased in both groups. The exercise program brought about improvements in the HDL/LDL and apo A-I/apo B ratios and apo B and triglyceride levels when comparing the relative (%) changes in the trained versus control group. In the trained group, men with HDL/LDL ratios below the group median at baseline showed even more favorable changes in their lipid profile than those with higher initial HDL/LDL ratios. Body mass index, percent body fat and hemoglobin A1c did not change during the training period in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Endurance training improved the lipid profile in already physically active type 1 diabetic men, independently of effects on body composition or glycemic control. The most favorable changes were in patients with low baseline HDL/LDL ratios, likely the group with the greatest benefit to be gained by such changes.
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“Crouse et al. [44] and Laaksonen et al. [45] both found that after a few months of aerobic exercise, the concentration of apoB in hypercholesterolemic men decreased.”
From Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins (2017) · cites this paper as [45]
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Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases
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“Some studies find no improvement in HbA1c with physical training (Wallberg-Henriksson et al., 1984, 1986; Yki-Jarvinen et al., 1984; Laaksonen et al., 2000; Kennedy et al., 2013), whereas other find that the most physically active patients have the lowest HbA1c (Cuenca-Garcia et al., 2012; Carral…”
BackgroundRoss, R., Blair, S. N., Arena, R., Church, T. S., Després, J.-P., Franklin, B. A., Haskell, W. L., Kaminsky, L. A., Levine, B. D., Lavie, C. J., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000461 · Cited by 2,486
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“More pronounced dyslipidemia at baseline has been pointed has having more favorable changes after training (Laaksonen et al., 2000), mediated by the reduction of body fat (Leon & Sanchez, 2001).”
BackgroundPhysical activity in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome
Lakka, T. A., & Laaksonen, D. E. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h06-113 · Cited by 482
“However, aerobic exercise training has also been shown to lower plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, increase the size of LDL particles, increase plasma apolipoprotein A levels and decrease plasma triglyceride concentrations (Huttunen et al. 1979; Haskell 1984; Williams et al. 1994; Stefanick…”
BackgroundSelf-citationEffects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins
Wang, Y., & Xu, D. (2017) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0515-5 · Cited by 436
“[45] both found that after a few months of aerobic exercise, the concentration of apoB in hypercholesterolemic men decreased.”
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“Sex and racial/ ethnic differences in low fitness nearly parallel the prevalence of obesity in the population(28) and may account for the higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in females compared with males.(29) The relatively higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in racial/ethnic minorities may be attr…”
BackgroundBody temperature regulation in diabetes
Kenny, G. P., Sigal, R. J., & McGinn, R. (2016) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2015.1131506 · Cited by 297
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“A total of 213 samples including 22,557 subjects from 163 reports were eligible for the meta-analysis (numbers of subjects should be considered close approximations, given vagaries of primary study reporting) [55–217].”
BackgroundPhysical Activity and Diabetes
Sigal, R. J., Armstrong, M. J., Colby, P., Kenny, G. P., Plotnikoff, R. C., Reichert, S. M., & Riddell, M. C. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.018 · Cited by 256
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Diabetes, Oxidative Stress and Physical Exercise
Atalay, M., & Laaksonen, D. E. (2002) · Journal of Sports Science and Medicine · doi:10.52082/jssm.2002.1 · Cited by 203
“Exercise is a major therapeutic modality in the treatment of DM (American Diabetes Association, 1998; Laaksonen et al., 2000).”
Self-citationLeiter, L. A., FITCHETT, D. H., Gilbert, R. E., Gupta, M., Mancini, G. B. J., McFarlane, P. A., Ross, R., Teoh, H., Verma, S., Anand, S. S., et al. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2010.12.054 · Cited by 195
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions in adults with type 1 diabetes
Yardley, J. E., Hay, J. L., Abou-Setta, A. M., Marks, S. D., & McGavock, J. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.038 · Cited by 170
“trial reports [12,21–25] (plus data from two companion”
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Does Exercise Improve Glycaemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kennedy, A., Nirantharakumar, K., Chimen, M., Pang, T., Hemming, K., Andrews, R. C., & Narendran, P. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058861 · Cited by 172
“Laaksonen et al [20] did attempt to record dietary intake.”
BackgroundEvidence-based practice guideline for the treatment for diabetes in Japan 2013
Tajima, N., Noda, M., Origasa, H., Noto, H., Yabe, D., Fujita, Y., Goto, A., Fujimoto, K., Sakamoto, M., & Haneda, M. (2015) · Diabetology International · doi:10.1007/s13340-015-0206-2 · Cited by 154
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AADE Guidelines for the Practice of Diabetes Self-Management Education and Training (DSME/T)
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“[61-65] Studies are needed to identify the most effective interventions regarding physical activity.”
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“…5 EG: 2×/week, 60 min; supervised exercise; and supplemented by a weekly home exercise experience CG: did not participate in any standardized exercise regime 20 weeks VO2peak ↔ in both groups Daily insulin dosage ↔ in both groups HbA1c ↓ significantly in EG, ↔ in CG 5 i CG HbA1c ↑ significa tly…”
BackgroundMethodWhy should people with type 1 diabetes exercise regularly?
Codella, R., Terruzzi, I., & Luzi, L. (2017) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-017-0978-x · Cited by 108
Effects of aerobic and strength-based training on metabolic health indicators in older adults
Martins, R. A., Veríssimo, M. T., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., Cumming, S. P., & Teixeira, A. M. (2010) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-9-76 · Cited by 111
“More favorable changes in response to training occur usually in those with more pronounced dyslipidemia at baseline [24], and have been pointed as dependent on loss of body fat [25].”
BackgroundClinical outcomes to exercise training in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ostman, C., Jewiss, D., King, N., & Smart, N. A. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.036 · Cited by 93
“This left 14 included studies [10, 14-27] for analysis.”
BackgroundPhysical Activity May Modulate Effects of ApoE Genotype on Lipid Profile
Bernstein, M., Costanza, M. C., James, R. W., Morris, M. A., Cambien, F., Raoux, S., & Morabia, A. (2002) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/hq0102.101819 · Cited by 88
Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Review
Leroux, C., Brazeau, A., Gingras, V., Desjardins, K., Strychar, I. M., & RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.08.268 · Cited by 81
Exercise Training and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 1 Diabetic Adolescent Girls
Heyman, E., Toutain, C., Delamarche, P., Berthon, P. M., Briard, D., Youssef, H. A., DeKerdanet, M., & Gratas‐Delamarche, A. (2007) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.19.4.408 · Cited by 81
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Gül, M., Laaksonen, D. E., Atalay, M., Vider, J., & Hänninen, O. (2002) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.120307.x · Cited by 76
“However, endurance training has had equivocal effects on glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetic patients (Laaksonen et al., 2000), probably because in contrast to the uncontrolled and untreated diabetic model rats in the current study, training-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity are balanced…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMolecular Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Cancer
Rundle, A. (2005) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.227.14.1 · Cited by 75
“Several small, clinical training studies have observed associations between training and blood lipid profiles (105-108).”
BackgroundEffects of strength and endurance training on metabolic risk factors in healthy 40–65‐year‐old men
Sillanpää, E., HÄKKINEN, A. H., Punnonen, K. R. A., Häkkinen, K., & Laaksonen, D. E. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00849.x · Cited by 72
“More favorable changes in response to training usually occur in those with more pronounced dyslipidemia at baseline (Laaksonen et al., 2000).”
BackgroundSelf-citationInterventions for Being Active Among Individuals With Diabetes
Kavookjian, J., Elswick, B. M., & Whetsel, T. (2007) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721707308411 · Cited by 66
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Nielsen, P. J., Hafdahl, A. R., Conn, V. S., LeMaster, J. W., & Brown, S. A. (2006) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2006.03.033 · Cited by 65
Glycemic Status Affects Cardiopulmonary Exercise Response in Athletes with Type I Diabetes
Baldi, J. C., Cassuto, N. A., Foxx‐Lupo, W. T., Wheatley, C. M., & Snyder, E. M. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181d1fdb3 · Cited by 63
“Training does not seem to improve glycemic control in patients with type I diabetes (17,37), and there is a paucity of data that have prospectively determined whether glycemic control influences the cardiovascular response to exercise in endurance-trained athletes with diabetes.”
BackgroundResultBenefits of exercise training in diabetic rats persist after three weeks of detraining
Mostarda, C. T., Rogow, A., Silva, I. C. M., Fuente, R. N. D. L., Jorge, L., Rodrigues, B., Heeren, M. V., Caldini, E. T. E. G., Angelis, K. D., & Irigoyen, M. C. (2008) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2008.10.010 · Cited by 63
“Exercise is an important therapeutic tool in the treatmentof diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 1998; Laaksonen et al., 2000).”
BackgroundVigorous Intensity Exercise for Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Yardley, J. E., Mollard, R. C., MacIntosh, A., MacMillan, F., Wicklow, B. A., Berard, L., Hurd, C., Marks, S. D., & McGavock, J. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.08.269 · Cited by 62
“Laaksonen et al (24) 20e40 28/28 30e60 3e5”
InfluentialScott, S. N., Cocks, M. S., Andrews, R. C., Narendran, P., Purewal, T. S., Cuthbertson, D. J., Wagenmakers, A. J. M., & Shepherd, S. O. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-01309 · Cited by 64
“control with exercise training (22, 27, 28), although studies reporting positive effects of training on glycemic”
BackgroundPhysical Activity and Cardiovascular Health
Raul, A. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/38250 · Cited by 57
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“…1 diabetes In contrast to the beneficial effects of exercise on glycemic management in persons with type 2 diabetes, most clinical trials evaluating exercise interventions in people with type 1 diabetes have not demonstrated a positive effect of exercise on glycemic control (Laaksonen et al. 2000).”
BackgroundFrancescato, M. P., Stel, G., Stenner, E., & Geat, M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125220 · Cited by 55
“Regular moderate-intensity physical activity is recommended in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) [1–3] because it can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease [4, 5] and it improves insulin sensitivity [6], although an independent effect of physical activity on the improvement of glycemic control has not been demo…”
BackgroundManaging insulin therapy during exercise in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Toni, S., Reali, M. F., Barni, F., Lenzi, L., & Festini, F. (2006) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · Cited by 49
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“This lack of benefit in our analysis may be explained by the weak glycaemic benefit of exercise in type 1 diabetes [19-21].”
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“Diabetes results in increased oxidative stress, alterations in lipid metabolism, oxidative modification of proteins and lipids, and perturbations in tissue antioxidant systems (3, 9, 14, 18, 24, 27).”
Self-citationEffect of regular exercise on health and disease.
Karacabey, K. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 38
Litchfield, I. J., Andrews, R. C., Narendran, P., & Greenfield, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00076 · Cited by 40
“The potential benefits both for patients and service utilization of their maintaining such a regime are numerous (10, 11) including a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (12, 13), microvascular complications, hypoglycaemia (14) as well as enhanced psychological wellbeing (15).”
BackgroundChodari, L., Mohammadi, M., Ghorbanzadeh, V., Dariushnejad, H., & Mohaddes, G. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.03.004 · Cited by 32
“The positive effects of physical activity in reducing cardiovascular-based mortality in persons with type 1 diabetes have been shown (8).”
BackgroundMarkers of absorption and synthesis of cholesterol in men with type 1 diabetes
Gylling, H. K., Laaksonen, D. E., Atalay, M., Hallikainen, M., NISKANEN, L. K., & Miettinen, T. A. (2006) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.697 · Cited by 31
“Fifty-six men aged 20–40 years with type 1 diabetes [8] and 18 healthy controls of similar age and body mass index (BMI) were recruited for the study (Table 1).”
MethodSelf-citationWood, G., Taylor, E., Ng, V., Murrell, A., Patil, A., van der Touw, T., Wolden, M., Andronicos, N., & Smart, N. A. (2023) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01817-0 · Cited by 31
State of the art paper Influence of lifestyle on the course of type 1 diabetes mellitus
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“Physical activity was also found to reduce the apolipoprotein B concentration and increase the protective apolipoprotein A1 in patients with T1DM [20].”
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“This is important because regular exercise practice in type 1 diabetes is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk factors [1,3,15,16] and mortality [17] and with an improvement”
BackgroundBurr, J. F., Shephard, R. J., & Riddell, M. C. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 29
Wake, A. D. (2022) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.161 · Cited by 36
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“In two of the three studies, healthy participants with diabetes and normal body weight (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m(2)) were recruited, which limits the interpretation of the results regarding weight reduction.(63,66) These three studies did not provide clarity on the type, duration and frequency of exercise.”
ResultExercise and Glycemic Imbalances
Francescato, M. P., Geat, M., Accardo, A., BLOKAR, M., Cattin, L., & Noacco, C. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181e6d6a1 · Cited by 23
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Self-citationIshizawa, R., Kim, H., Hotta, N., Iwamoto, G. A., Vongpatanasin, W., Mitchell, J. H., Smith, S. A., & Mizuno, M. (2020) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14118 · Cited by 23
“Moreover, evidence suggests that exercise improves physical fitness and reduces insulin resistance in people with T1DM.(64,65) However, the excessive BP response to physical activity in this disease increases the risk for development of an adverse cardiac event and/or stroke during or immediately after a bout of exerc…”
BackgroundInfluentialAl-Mhanna, S. B., Ghazali, W. S. W., Batrakoulis, A., Alkhamees, N. H., Drenowatz, C. J., Mohamed, M., Gülü, M., Afolabi, H. A., & Bădicu, G. (2024) · Annals of Applied Sport Science · doi:10.61186/aassjournal.1324 · Cited by 23
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Avaliação do efeito do exercício físico no metabolismo de ratas diabéticas prenhes
Volpato, G. T., Damasceno, D. C., de Campos, K. E., et al. (2006) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/s1517-86922006000500001 · Cited by 21
“Um ensaio clínico randomizado, incluindo homens adultos submetidos a um programa de exercício físico aeróbico, durante 12 a 16 semanas, confirmou que, apesar de o exercício estar relacionado ao condicionamento físico, sua prática tem maior relevância sobre o metabolismo lipídico, diretamente relacionado aos índices de…”
BackgroundImproving Assessment of Lipoprotein Profile in Type 1 Diabetes by 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Brugnara, L., Mallol, R., Ribalta, J., Vinaixa, M., Murillo, S., Casserras, T., Guardiola, M., Vallvé, J.-C., Kalko, S. G., Correig, X., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136348 · Cited by 21
“In T1D patients, an improvement in HDL/LDL ratio and in ApoB and triglyceride levels [21] was observed after performing a 16-week program of aerobic exercise.”
Exploring Gender Differences in the Effects of Diet and Physical Activity on Metabolic Parameters
Gorini, S., Camajani, E., Feraco, A., Armani, A., Karav, S., Filardi, T., Aulisa, G., Cava, E., Strollo, R., Padua, E., et al. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17020354 · Cited by 27
“Conversely, women exhibited a significant increase in HDL in response to aerobic activity, a result that reflects evidence attributing a key role in HDL modulation to this type of exercise, especially in the presence of female hormonal influences [33].”
Effects of A 4-Week Aerobic Exercise on Lipid Profile and Expression of LXRα in Rat Liver.
Kazeminasab, F., Marandi, M., Ghaedi, K., Esfarjani, F., & Moshtaghian, J. (2017) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22074/cellj.2016.4871 · Cited by 19
“We also observed a significant reduction in LDL-C and TC following an exercise session which were in good agreement with previous studies (33, 34) but not all (27, 35).”
ResultKlaprat, N. D., MacIntosh, A., & McGavock, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00042 · Cited by 19
Management of Exercise-induced Glycemic Imbalances in Type 1 Diabetes
Francescato, M. P., & Carrato, S. (2011) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/157339911796397875 · Cited by 19
“Moreover, exercise has protective effects against several cardiovascular risk factors [6-8] and can enhance quality of life by increasing self-esteem and psychological well being [9].”
BackgroundMohammed, M. H. H., Al-Qahtani, M. H., & Takken, T. (2021) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13203 · Cited by 22
“The lack of changes in lipoproteins in the intervention groups was also reported in previous studies.(44,46) Studies that lasted six months(13,14) indicate that a longer time is needed to achieve any significant changes in the lipid profile.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEffect of Strength Training on Glycemic Control and Adiponectin in Diabetic Children
Petschnig, R., WAGNER, T., Robubi, A., & Baron, R. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002356 · Cited by 23
Aerobic as well as resistance exercises are good for patients with type 1 diabetes
Wróbel, M. P., Rokicka, D., Czuba, M., Gołaś, A., Pyka, Ł., Greif, M., Szymborska‐Kajanek, A., Strojek, K., & Gąsior, M. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.08.008 · Cited by 17
Hypoglycemia - Causes and Occurrences
Rigobelo, E. C. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/864 · Cited by 17
Tonoli, C., Heyman, E., Roelands, B., et al. (2012) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11635380-000000000-00000 · Cited by 17
“Twelve studies([7,21,22,26-32,59,76]) were used for the estimation of the effect size of aerobic training on chronic glycaemic control in a total population of 171 T1D adults, adolescents and children.”
MethodSmirnova, I. V., Kibiryeva, N., Vidoni, E. D., Buñag, R. D., & Stehno‐Bittel, L. (2006) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-006-0215-5 · Cited by 17
Exercise and diabetes mellitus: optimizing performance in patients who have type 1 diabetes.
Birrer, R. B., & Sedaghat, V.-D. (2003) · PubMed · doi:10.3810/psm.2003.05.365 · Cited by 14
Chang, X., Wang, Z., Guo, H., Xu, Y., & Ogihara, A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021407 · Cited by 15
“Only one study showed that the apolipoprotein B: apolipoprotein A-1 ratio significantly decreased in the experimental group, which raises the possibility of a possible role of protection on cardiovascular risks in adolescents with T1DM, as already observed in adults with T1DM [30].”
ResultThe effect of regular training on plasma cytokines response in healthy and diabetic rats
Bonyadi, M., Badalzadeh, R., Mohammadi, M., Poozesh, S., & Salehi, I. (2009) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/1658-3175.4872 · Cited by 13
Sakr, H. F., Al-Hashem, F. H., El-Naby, W. M. H., Alkhateeb, M. A., Zaki, M. S. A., Refaey, H. E., & Morsy, M. D. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2013-0043 · Cited by 12
Self-monitoring adherence to physical activity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Vanelli, M., Corchia, M., Iovane, B., et al. (2006) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · Cited by 13
O papel do exercício no tratamento do diabetes melito tipo 1
Ramalho, A. C., & Soares, S. L. (2008) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302008000200013 · Cited by 12
Safarzade, A., & Talebi-Garakani, E. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1186/2251-6581-13-41 · Cited by 12
“Also, increased of circulating apoA-I and HDL levels was found in young men with type 1 diabetes mellitus after 12– 16 week endurance exercise program [31].”
BackgroundSaki, H., Nazem, F., Fariba, F., & Sheikh-Sharbafan, R. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110915 · Cited by 11
Exercise and Diabetes Mellitus
Birrer, R. B., Sedaghat, V.-D., & Carstensen, E. J. (2003) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.1080/00913847.2003.11440597 · Cited by 11
Exercise and Glycemic Imbalances: A Situation-Specific Estimate of Glucose Supplement
Shephard, R. J. (2011) · Yearbook of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.yspm.2011.03.018 · Cited by 10
Valletta, J. J., Chipperfield, A. J., Clough, G. F., & Byrne, C. D. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097534 · Cited by 10
“Physical activity interventions in people with type 1 diabetes have been linked to improved CRF [6–13], insulin sensitivity [6,10], lipid profile [6–9,13] and endothelium function [12,14], but results investigating the association between levels of physical activity and glycaemic control have been contradictory [15].”
BackgroundSimonsson, M., Schmidt, C. B., Sigurdadottir, V., Helenius, M. ‐., & Fagerberg, B. (2007) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01866.x · Cited by 10
Eckstein, M. L., Aberer, F., Dobler, F. J. R., Aziz, F., Heise, T., Sourij, H., & Moser, O. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12111017 · Cited by 8
Evangelista, F. S. (2014) · Pancreatic Disorders and Therapy · doi:10.4172/2165-7092.1000133 · Cited by 9
“[70] demonstrated that patients with T1DM submitted to 12- to 16-wk aerobic exercise training have a significantly augmented oxygen consumption peak (VO2 peak) and an improved lipid profile (decrease in total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B and increase in the high-density lipo…”
BackgroundYardley, J. E., Alberga, A. S., Kenny, G. P., & Sigal, R. J. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444324808.ch23 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- LAAKSONEN, D. E., ATALAY, M., NISKANEN, L. K., MUSTONEN, J., &NA;, C. K., LAKKA, T. A., & UUSITUPA, M. I. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1541-1548
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2029387172
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- aerobic exercise, type 1 diabetes, lipid profile, endurance training, cardiorespiratory fitness, peak oxygen uptake, HDL/LDL ratio, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, running, atherosclerosis risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Lipids, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness
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