Clinical Course of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder From Childhood Toward Early Adolescence
Abstract
Objective To study the course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in late childhood to adolescence using a multi-informant and multi-assessment procedure.Method Subjects were 35 children with ADHD and 35 matched controls with a mean age of 10 years at first assessment. DSM-III-R-based structured diagnostic interviews and behavioral questionnaires based on parents, teachers, and youth informants were used. Cross-informant behavioral syndromes were obtained by use of the Child Behavior Checklist, the Teacher's Report Form, and the Youth Self-Report. Subjects were reassessed after 1.5 and 2.6 years.Results Behavioral differences between the two groups were significant for the majority of scales for all three informants at all three times. Diagnostic interviews revealed a persistence rate of 46% over 2.6 years. However, there were only few significant behavioral differences across informants between the nonpersistent and the persistent groups. The fit between interview-derived syndrome scores reflecting subtypes of ADHD and both parents and youth questionnaire data was good, whereas for the teacher ratings it was poor. A high rate of 89% correct classification of the outcome diagnoses was possible based on behavioral data at time 1.Conclusions The study of the course of ADHD should be based both on interview and questionnaire data and should include several informants. Operationally defined diagnoses alone may lead to an underestimation of persistent behavioral problems.
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ADHD persists into adulthood and even into old age.
“it is now agreed that the disorder persists into adulthood (e.g., [2, 3]), and even into old age [4, 5].”
From Assessing ADHD symptoms in children and adults: evaluating the role of objective measures (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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Assessing ADHD symptoms in children and adults: evaluating the role of objective measures
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- Authors
- STEINHAUSEN, H.-C., DRECHSLER, R., FÖLDÉNYI, M., IMHOF, K., & BRANDEIS, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- STEINHAUSEN, HANS-CHRISTOPH
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1085-1092
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2163022105
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, early adolescence, late childhood, multi-informant assessment, Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher's Report Form, Youth Self-Report, diagnostic interview, behavioral problems
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Syndrome, Reproducibility of Results, Case-Control Studies, Disease Progression
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