Investigating risk factors for chronicity: the importance of distinguishing between return-to-work status and self-report measures of disability
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine whether the outcome of psychosocial risk factor analyses varied as a function of whether the outcome variable was return-to-work status or self-reported functional disability. METHODS: Participants were 255 workers who sustained a soft tissue injury to the back and participated in a community-based secondary prevention program. Assessment of psychologic risk factors (pain severity, pain catastrophizing, fear of movement/reinjury, depression) was conducted at pretreatment. RESULTS: Logistic regression revealed that pain catastrophizing (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32-0.88) and pain severity (OR, 0.65; 95% CI = 0.45-0.94) were significant predictors of return to work. However, when change in self-reported disability was used as the outcome variable, none of the psychosocial risk factors emerged as significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Given the important theoretical, clinical, and policy implications of the outcome of risk factor research, more research is needed to further clarify the respective advantages and limitations to using self-reported versus return to work-based measures of disability.
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- Authors
- Gauthier, N., Sullivan, M. J. L., Adams, H., Stanish, W. D., & Thibault, P.
- Affiliations
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Sullivan, Michael J. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 312-318
- ISSN
- 1076-2752 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2001501122
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- return to work, self-reported disability, chronicity, psychosocial risk factors, pain catastrophizing, pain intensity, fear of reinjury, depression, secondary prevention, outcome measures
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Disability Evaluation, Employment, Female, Humans, Male, Nova Scotia, Pain Measurement, Psychological Tests, Risk Factors, Workers' Compensation, Logistic Models, Sick Leave, Back Injuries
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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