The DOI matches its Crossref record; 88 of the 88 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Biologic Effects of Nitrous Oxide: A Mechanistic and Toxicologic Review
Abstract
Nitrous oxide is the longest serving member of the anesthesiologist's pharmacologic armamentarium but remains a source of controversy because of fears over its adverse effects. Recently, the Evaluation of Nitrous oxide In a Gas Mixture for Anaesthesia (ENIGMA) trial reported that nitrous oxide use increases postoperative complications; further preclinical reports have suggested that nitrous oxide may contribute to neurocognitive dysfunction in the young and elderly. Therefore, nitrous oxide's longevity in anesthetic practice is under threat. In this article, the authors discuss the evidence for the putative toxicity of nitrous oxide, from either patient or occupational exposure, within the context of the mechanism of nitrous oxide's action. Although it would seem prudent to avoid nitrous oxide in certain vulnerable populations, current evidence in support of a more widespread prescription from clinical practice is unconvincing.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Frosst, P., Blom, H. J., Milos, R., Goyette, P., Sheppard, C. A., Matthews, R. G., Boers, G. J. H., den Heijer, M., Kluijtmans, L. A. J., van den Heuve, L. P., et al. (1995) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0595-111 · Cited by 5,653
Blockade of NMDA Receptors and Apoptotic Neurodegeneration in the Developing Brain
Ikonomidou, C., Bosch, F., Miksa, M., Bittigau, P., Vöckler, J., Dikranian, K., Tenkova, T. I., Stefovska, V., Turski, L., & Olney, J. W. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5398.70 · Cited by 2,055
Jevtovic-Todorovic, V., Hartman, R. E., Izumi, Y., Benshoff, N. D., Dikranian, K., Zorumski, C. F., Olney, J. W., & Wozniak, D. F. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003 · Cited by 1,983
Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Mortality in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Nygård, O., Nordrehaug, J. E., Refsum, H., Ueland, P. M., Farstad, M., & Vollset, S. E. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199707243370403 · Cited by 1,756
van der Put, N. M. J., Gabreëls, F., Stevens, E. M. B., Smeitink, J. A. M., Trijbels, F. J. M., Eskes, T. K. A. B., van den Heuvel, L. P., & Blom, H. J. (1998) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/301825 · Cited by 1,556
Vitamin B12, folic acid, and the nervous system
Reynolds, E. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70598-1 · Cited by 860
Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is an NMDA antagonist, neuroprotectant and neurotoxin
Jevtović-Todorović, V., Todorovć, S. M., Mennerick, S., Powell, S., Dikranian, K., Benshoff, N., Zorumski, C. F., & Olney, J. W. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0498-460 · Cited by 676
Ketamine-Induced Neuronal Cell Death in the Perinatal Rhesus Monkey
Slikker, W., Zou, X., Hotchkiss, C. E., Divine, R. L., Sadovova, N., Twaddle, N. C., Doerge, D. R., Scallet, A. C., Patterson, T. A., Hanig, J. P., et al. (2007) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm084 · Cited by 608
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency in elderly patients
Andres, E. (2004) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.1031155 · Cited by 598
Homocysteine and coronary atherosclerosis
Mayer, E. L., Jacobsen, D. W., & Robinson, K. (1996) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00508-0 · Cited by 519
Cited by
Fenech, M., & Bonassi, S. (2011) · Mutagenesis · doi:10.1093/mutage/geq050 · Cited by 371
Garakani, A., Jaffe, R. J., Savla, D., Welch, A. K., Protin, C. A., Bryson, E. O., & McDowell, D. M. (2016) · The American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12372 · Cited by 279
Nitrous Oxide for Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: A Proof-of-Concept Trial
Nagele, P., Duma, A., Kopec, M., Gebara, M. A., Parsoei, A., Walker, M., Janski, A., Panagopoulos, V. N., Cristancho, P., Miller, J. P., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.016 · Cited by 230
Zorumski, C. F., Nagele, P., Mennerick, S., & Conway, C. R. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00172 · Cited by 57
Exploring Nitrous Oxide as Treatment of Mood Disorders: Basic Concepts
Nagele, P., Zorumski, C. F., & Conway, C. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000837 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- Sanders, R. D., Weimann, J., Maze, M., Warner, D. S., & Warner, M. A.
- Venue
- Anesthesiology
- Published
- 2008-10-01
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 707-722
- ISSN
- 0003-3022 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2036377942
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 88
- FWCI
- 18.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Biologic Effects of Nitrous Oxide: A Mechanistic and Toxicologic Review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181870a17
- The paper
- Sanders, R. D., Weimann, J., Maze, M., Warner, D. S., & Warner, M. A. (2008). Biologic Effects of Nitrous Oxide: A Mechanistic and Toxicologic Review. Anesthesiology. https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181870a17
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.