Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for chronic tinnitus: evaluation of benefits in a large sample of patients attending a tinnitus clinic
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Mindfulness-based approaches may benefit patients with chronic tinnitus, but most evidence is from small studies of nonstandardized interventions, and there is little exploration of the processes of change. This study describes the impact of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in a "real world" tinnitus clinic, using standardized MBCT on the largest sample of patients with chronic tinnitus to date while exploring predictors of change. DESIGN: Participants were 182 adults with chronic and distressing tinnitus who completed an 8-week MBCT group. Measures of tinnitus-related distress, psychological distress, tinnitus acceptance, and mindfulness were taken preintervention, postintervention, and at 6-week follow-up. RESULTS: MBCT was associated with significant improvements on all outcome measures. Postintervention, reliable improvements were detected in tinnitus-related distress in 50% and in psychological distress in 41.2% of patients. Changes in mindfulness and tinnitus acceptance explained unique variance in tinnitus-related and psychological distress postintervention. CONCLUSIONS: MBCT was associated with significant and reliable improvements in patients with chronic, distressing tinnitus. Changes were associated with increases in tinnitus acceptance and dispositional mindfulness. This study doubles the combined sample size of all previously published studies. Randomized controlled trials of standardized MBCT protocols are now required to test whether MBCT might offer a new and effective treatment for chronic tinnitus.
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Clinically significant changes at post-intervention were seen for both pre-post studies of mindfulness-based interventions: 60% (9/15) and 50% (91/182) of participants.
“Clinically significant changes at post-intervention were seen for both pre-post studies of MBIs: 60% (9/15) and 50% (91/182) of participants (Husain et al., 2019;McKenna et al., 2018, respectively).”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Exploring Effects of Third-Wave Psychological Therapies on Hearing-Related Distress, Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in People With Audiological Problems. (2022) · cites this paper as McKenna et al., 2018
Table 1 (Demographic variables; page unavailable) reports that 91 of 182 participants (50%) had reliable improvement in tinnitus distress after MBCT. It does not call that result clinically significant change; the paper uses that term for a separate psychological-distress measure, for which it reports 33.5%. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAll three pre-post studies of mindfulness-based interventions that included a follow-up assessment reported that 58% (7/12), 52.8% (96/182) and 62% (8/13) of participants showed reliable improvements at follow-ups.
“All three pre-post studies of MBIs that included a follow-up assessment reported that 58% (7/12), 52.8% (96/182) and 62% (8/13) of participants showed reliable improvements at follow-ups (Husain et al., 2019;McKenna et al., 2018;Roland et al, 2015).”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Exploring Effects of Third-Wave Psychological Therapies on Hearing-Related Distress, Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in People With Audiological Problems. (2022) · cites this paper as McKenna et al., 2018
The methodological quality of pre-post studies was generally moderate, with the exception of one study rated as weak and one study rated as strong.
“The methodological quality of pre-post studies was generally moderate (see Table 5), with the exception of one study rated as weak (Dehnabi et al., 2017) and one study rated as strong (McKenna et al., 2018).”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Exploring Effects of Third-Wave Psychological Therapies on Hearing-Related Distress, Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in People With Audiological Problems. (2022) · cites this paper as McKenna et al., 2018
Approximately 40% ~ 50% of the patients experienced significant improvements in tinnitus-related distress and psychological distress after the intervention.
“The findings revealed that approximately 40% ~ 50% of the patients experienced significant improvements in tinnitus-related distress and psychological distress after the intervention (McKenna et al., 2018).”
From Research trends and hotspots of cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus: a bibliometric analysis (2025) · cites this paper as McKenna et al., 2018
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- Authors
- McKenna, L., Marks, E. M., & Vogt, F.
- Affiliations
- Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Marks, Elizabeth M.
- Venue
- Ear & Hearing
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 359-366
- ISSN
- 0196-0202 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2751622280
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Ear and Hearing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure (University of Bath) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, chronic tinnitus, tinnitus distress, psychological distress, trait mindfulness, predictors of change, group therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tinnitus, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Self Report, Mindfulness
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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