Cited by 792Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, GeneticsHearing Loss and RehabilitationNoise Effects and Management

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The Tinnitus Functional Index: Development of a New Clinical Measure for Chronic, Intrusive Tinnitus

Meikle, Mary B., Henry, James A., Griest, Susan E., Stewart, Barbara J., Abrams, Harvey B., McArdle, Rachel, Myers, Paula J., Newman, Craig W., Sandridge, Sharon, Turk, Dennis C., Folmer, Robert L., Frederick, Eric J., House, John W., Jacobson, Gary P., Kinney, Sam E., Martin, William H., Nagler, Stephen M., Reich, Gloria E., Searchfield, Grant, Sweetow, Robert, Vernon, Jack A.·2012·Ear & Hearing

DOI 10.1097/aud.0b013e31822f67c0

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Abstract

Objectives Chronic subjective tinnitus is a prevalent condition that causes significant distress to millions of Americans. Effective tinnitus treatments are urgently needed, but evaluating them is hampered by the lack of standardized measures that are validated for both intake assessment and evaluation of treatment outcomes. This work was designed to develop a new self-report questionnaire, the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), that would have documented validity both for scaling the severity and negative impact of tinnitus for use in intake assessment and for measuring treatment-related changes in tinnitus (responsiveness) and that would provide comprehensive coverage of multiple tinnitus severity domains. Design To use preexisting knowledge concerning tinnitus-related problems, an Item Selection Panel (17 expert judges) surveyed the content (175 items) of nine widely used tinnitus questionnaires. From those items, the Panel identified 13 separate domains of tinnitus distress and selected 70 items most likely to be responsive to treatment effects. Eliminating redundant items while retaining good content validity and adding new items to achieve the recommended minimum of 3 to 4 items per domain yielded 43 items, which were then used for constructing TFI Prototype 1.Prototype 1 was tested at five clinics. The 326 participants included consecutive patients receiving tinnitus treatment who provided informed consent-constituting a convenience sample. Construct validity of Prototyp…

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“This recommended method has been used for the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) [28], the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) [29,30], and the Tinnitus Functional index (TFI) [31,32,35], as well as for numeric scales of tinnitus loudness [6,36].”
Influential
Increased Frontal Response May Underlie Decreased Tinnitus Severity
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Self-citation
A Mixed-Methods Trial of Broad Band Noise and Nature Sounds for Tinnitus Therapy: Group and Individual Responses Modeled under the Adaptation Level Theory of Tinnitus
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Self-citation
Efficacy of tinnitus retraining therapy in the treatment of tinnitus: A meta-analysis and systematic review
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Authors: Meikle, M. B., Henry, J. A., Griest, S. E., Stewart, B. J., Abrams, H. B., McArdle, R., Myers, P. J., Newman, C. W., Sandridge, S., Turk, D. C., Folmer, R. L., Frederick, E. J., House, J. W., Jacobson, G. P., Kinney, S. E., Martin, W. H., Nagler, S. M., Reich, G. E., Searchfield, G., Sweetow, R., & Vernon, J. A.
Affiliations: Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Bay Pines VA Healthcare System (US)
James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (US)
Cleveland Clinic (US)
University of Washington (US)
House Clinic (US)
Vanderbilt University (US)
University of Auckland (NZ)
Corresponding author: Henry, James A.
ORCID: Henry, James A.
Abrams, Harvey B.
McArdle, Rachel
Sandridge, Sharon
Folmer, Robert L.
Jacobson, Gary P.
Searchfield, Grant
Venue: Ear & Hearing
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2012-03
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 153-176
ISSN: 0196-0202 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/aud.0b013e31822f67c0
OpenAlex: W2001993563
Cited by: 792
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 55 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 6.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Ear and Hearing (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Noise Effects and Management
Keywords: Tinnitus Functional Index, chronic subjective tinnitus, tinnitus severity, tinnitus distress, self-report questionnaire development, treatment outcome assessment, responsiveness, content validity, construct validity, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, convergent and discriminant validity, factor structure, patient-reported outcomes
MeSH terms: Chronic Disease, Depression, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Medical History Taking, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Tinnitus, Reproducibility of Results, Self Report

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The Tinnitus Functional Index: Development of a New Clinical Measure for Chronic, Intrusive Tinnitus

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