Cited by 138Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and TreatmentsTryptophan and brain disordersGut microbiota and health

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The role of microbes and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric illness

Hornig, Mady·2013·Current Opinion in Rheumatology

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Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To illustrate how microbes might participate in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric illness by triggering the production of autoantibodies that bind to brain targets. RECENT FINDINGS: Some studies link exposure to infectious agents to development of brain disorders; others have identified autoantibodies in individuals with these conditions without finding evidence of pathogens. Neither line of work demonstrates consistent associations between a specific neuropsychiatric disease and a particular environmental trigger or immune marker. Growing evidence suggests that the microbiome conditions host immunity to microbes and xenobiotics, and regulates autoimmune responses that can affect the central nervous system (CNS). The presence of CNS receptors for cytokines and other immune molecules underscores the importance of brain-immune crosstalk in maintaining normal function. An increased prevalence of familial autoimmunity, exposure to pathogens prenatally and postnatally, and findings of antibrain antibodies is common in disorders as diverse as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism, and suggests that differences in exposure timing and genetic vulnerability toward autoimmunity are important determinants of neuropsychiatric outcomes. SUMMARY: Microbes, both pathogenic and commensal, can induce autoantibodies that bind to brain and affect behavior in susceptible hosts. Interventions that correct the microbial balance or diminish autoantibody binding may be effective in diverse neuropsychiatric conditions mediated by autoimmunity.

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Authors: Hornig, M.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author: Hornig, Mady
ORCID: Hornig, Mady
Venue: Current Opinion in Rheumatology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2013-07
Volume: 25
Issue: 4
Pages: 488-795
ISSN: 1040-8711 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e32836208de
OpenAlex: W2033571021
Cited by: 138
References: 74
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 6
FWCI: 2.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Current Opinion in Rheumatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords: neuropsychiatric disorders, autoimmunity, autoantibodies, microbiome, infectious triggers, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, commensal microorganisms, familial autoimmunity
MeSH terms: Autoantibodies, Autoimmune Diseases, Mental Disorders, Blood-Brain Barrier, Communicable Diseases, Humans, Molecular Mimicry, Microbiota

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The role of microbes and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric illness

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