The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Public Knowledge and Assessment of Child Mental Health Problems: Findings From the National Stigma Study-Children
Abstract
Objective Child and adolescent psychiatry confronts help-seeking delays and low treatment use and adherence. Although lack of knowledge has been cited as an underlying reason, we aim to provide data on public recognition of, and beliefs about, problems and sources of help.Method The National Stigma Study-Children is the first nationally representative study of public response to child mental health problems. A face-to-face survey of 1,393 adults (response rate 70.1%, margin of error +/-3.5%) used vignettes consistent with diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression. Descriptive and multivariate analyses provide estimates of the levels and correlates of recognition, labeling, and treatment recommendations.Results Respondents do differentiate "daily troubles" from mental health problems. For the cases that meet diagnostic criteria, 58.5% correctly identify depression and 41.9% correctly identify ADHD. However, respondents are less likely to see ADHD as serious, as a mental illness, or needing treatment compared with depression. Moreover, a substantial group who correctly identifies each disorder rejects its mental illness label (ADHD 19.1%, depression 12.8%). Although women are more knowledgeable, the influence of other sociodemographic characteristics, particularly race, is complex and inconsistent. More respondents see general practitioners, mental health professionals, and teachers as suitable sources of advice than psychiatrists. Behaviors and perceived severity seem to drive public responses.Conclusions Americans have clear and consistent views of children's mental health problems. Mental health specialists face challenges in gaining family participation. Unless systematically addressed, the public's lack of knowledge, skepticism, and misinformed beliefs signal continuing problems for providers, as well as for caregivers and children seeking treatment.
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“Negative attitudes towards people living with depression, and stigma and discrimination, are associated across several world regions with negative outcomes: low help-seeking, poor treatment adherence and poor treatment outcomes, low quality of life, and risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviour. 339-341”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [341]
In the citing paper
“ADHD in adults remains a disorder which is poorly understood and where an 'emotional burden' is attached to the term especially among professionals who have not traditionally been involved in the diagnosis or treatment of ADHD [42,44,45].”
From European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD (2010) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“The parents’ generally favorable ratings of the intervention are consistent with parental endorsement of both primary care physician mental health advice and value of self-help approaches.67,76,77”
From Adolescent and parent experiences with a primary care/Internet-based depression prevention intervention (CATCH-IT) (2011) · cites this paper as [77]
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“Of note, people with mental illness often face challenges such as discrimination [3] and being literate in such conditions will allow people to have better understanding of people who suffer from mental illnesses [4].”
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Measurement of Stigmatization towards Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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“ADHD is a particularly stigmatized diagnosis for children (Martin et al. 2007), in part, because adults see it as a stable characteristic associated with being a troublemaker (Pescosolido et al. 2008).”
Acculturation, Cultural Values, and Latino Parental Beliefs About the Etiology of ADHD
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“…sample from the National Stigma Study-Children (NSS-C), McLeod et al. (2007) found that approximately one-third of participants had never heard of ADHD, and fewer than half were able to provide additional information about the disorder (see Pescosolido et al. 2008 for details of sample).”
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“…social phobia (adapted from Jorm, Wright, & Morgan, 2007), depression (adapted from Jorm et al., 2005a), bipolar disorder (adapted from Furnham & Anthony, 2010), stress (adapted from Loo et al., 2012), child ADHD, child depression, and child daily troubles (adapted from Pescosolido et al., 2008).”
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“Research has found that the mental health literacy of parents (concerning their child’s mental health) is often poor, and that parents are not adequately prepared to help with a mental health disorder (Jorm et al. 2007, Pescosolido et al. 2008).”
BackgroundResultTurner, E. A. (2011) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-011-9432-7 · Cited by 60
“Pescosolido et al. (2008), found that parent’ recognition of and response to childhood mental disorders is complicated by social and cultural norms that shape expectations of what is acceptable childhood behavior.”
BackgroundAdolescents’ attitudes and opinions about depression treatment
Bradley, K. L., McGrath, P. J., Brannen, C. L., & Bagnell, A. L. (2010) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-009-9224-5 · Cited by 50
“This is similar to the findings among young adults, 88% of which said that they would consult a family physician if they experienced depressive symptoms ( Pescosolido et al. 2008 ).”
ResultObstructed Use: Reconceptualizing the Mental Health (Help-Seeking) Experiences of Black Americans
Burkett, C. (2017) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798417691381 · Cited by 54
“Pescosolido et al. (2008) mentioned that the rates of unsatisfied mental health needs for Black American children has not improved in 25+ years.”
BackgroundCunningham, C. E., Deal, K., Rimas, H. L., Chen, Y., Buchanan, D. H., & Sdao-Jarvie, K. (2009) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9338-9 · Cited by 51
“While parents (Lazaratou et al. 2007; Sonuga-Barke and Balding 1993), like the general public ( Pescosolido et al. 2008 ), often lack accurate knowledge regarding CMH problems, those who are better informed find evidence-based treatments more acceptable (Bennett et al. 1996) and are more likely to use available servic…”
BackgroundIloabachie, C., Wells, C., Goodwin, B., Baldwin, M., Vanderplough-Booth, K., Gladstone, T., Murray, M., Fogel, J., & Van Voorhees, B. W. (2011) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.08.004 · Cited by 48
“The parents' generally favorable ratings of the intervention are consistent with parental endorsement of both primary care physician mental health advice and value of self-help approaches [67,76,77].”
BackgroundMental health literacy in Ghana: Implications for religiosity, education and stigmatization
Adu, P., Jurcik, T., & Grigoryev, D. S. (2021) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13634615211022177 · Cited by 47
“That is, this method does not distinguish between simple symptoms of disorders and full syndromes or even the experience of daily distress (Pescosolido et al., 2008).”
MethodBarriers to Universal Mental Health Screening in Schools: The Perspective of School Psychologists
Burns, J. R., & Rapee, R. M. (2021) · Journal of Applied School Psychology · doi:10.1080/15377903.2021.1941470 · Cited by 46
“One national study in the United States, involving 1,393 adults, found that only around 59% of the sample could correctly identify depression and 42% could correctly identify ADHD when presented with case vignettes (Pescosolido et al., 2008).”
BackgroundWang, D., Sun, X., He, F., Liu, C., & Wu, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640231166628 · Cited by 53
Toye, M. K., Wilson, C., & Wardle, G. A. (2018) · Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs · doi:10.1111/1471-3802.12441 · Cited by 47
Psychosocial Interventions in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Antshel, K. M. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.08.002 · Cited by 56
Yu, Y., Hu, M., Liu, Z.-W., Liu, H., Yang, J. P., Zhou, L., & Xiao, S. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0802-0 · Cited by 47
“For instance, the recognition rate of depression was 76 % in primary health care workers in India [27], 75 % in Australian adults [28], and 58 % among American adults [29], but was only 35 % in urban Chinese adults [30] and 25 % in Japanese adults [31], and even lower in a sample of undergraduates in Sri Lanka with a…”
BackgroundYasui, M., Pottick, K. J., & Chen, Y. (2017) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-017-0229-2 · Cited by 45
Understanding the Stigma Associated with ADHD: Hope for the Future?
Nguyen, P. T., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2020) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2020.28.5.1 · Cited by 49
Can Robots Help in the Evaluation of Mental Wellbeing in Children? An Empirical Study
Abbasi, N. I., Spitale, M., Anderson, J., Ford, T. J., Jones, P. B., & Güneş, H. (2022) · IEEE RO-MAN · doi:10.1109/ro-man53752.2022.9900843 · Cited by 42
“Besides the current barriers to resources and accessibility, children are also very reluctant to disclose sensitive information to other adults and it often takes months of dedicated trust building for therapists to get the children to open up [2], [3].”
BackgroundOwens, J., & Jackson, H. M. (2016) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.06.018 · Cited by 50
Pescosolido, B. A., & Ólafsdóttir, S. (2010) · Sociological Forum · doi:10.1111/j.1573-7861.2010.01206.x · Cited by 39
“Further, individuals who received the ADHD vignette were nearly three times more likely to suggest the mental health system.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationFactors Associated with Attributions About Child Health Conditions and Social Distance Preference
Mukolo, A., & Heflinger, C. A. (2010) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-010-9325-1 · Cited by 45
“The label ‘daily troubles’ is largely presumed to be non-stigmatizing (see Pescosolido et al. 2008 for detailed description of vignettes and their DSM-V classification).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialWeitkamp, K., Klein, E., & Midgley, N. (2016) · Global Qualitative Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/2333393616649548 · Cited by 46
“Another important point is that we are still not doing enough to fight mental health stigmatization (Pescosolido et al., 2008).”
BackgroundLessons from the Use of Vignettes in the Study of Mental Health Service Disparities
Markle, S. L., Gonçalves, M., Nillni, A., Chavez, L. M., Llerena‐Quinn, R., Green, A. R., & Alegria, M. M. (2011) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2011.01360.x · Cited by 44
“As background material, the group carefully explored existing vignettes developed by Pescosolido and Jensen (Pescosolido et al. 2008) and qualitative content categories from two previous studies, the San Diego Patterns of Care (POC) and the Service Use Need and Outcomes in Puerto Rican Children.”
MethodRoeder, R., Roeder, K., Asano, E., & Chugani, H. T. (2009) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02046.x · Cited by 38
“(2006) reported similar findings among parents of children with intellectual disabilities and psychopathology, and studies from the general population have found that parental evaluation of a child’s behavior and perception of mental health care services were correlated with subsequent treatment utilization (McMiller…”
BackgroundResultMental Health Literacy: Social Work's Role in Improving Public Mental Health
Mendenhall, A. N., & Frauenholtz, S. (2013) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/swt038 · Cited by 37
Frauenholtz, S., Conrad-Hiebner, A., & Mendenhall, A. N. (2015) · Journal of Family Social Work · doi:10.1080/10522158.2014.974116 · Cited by 35
“Parents in that study most frequently identified ADHD, followed by depression and oppositional defiant disorder, as the appropriate diagnosis (Teagle, 2002).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCultural models of normalcy and deviancy
Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E., & Ryder, A. G. (2020) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.12413 · Cited by 38
“…of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are recognised as such by larger proportions of samples in American or British cultural contexts than by those in other locales such as Korea, Malaysia, and Brazil (Gomes et al., 2007; Loo et al., 2012; Park et al., 2018; Pescosolido et al., 2008).”
BackgroundNot in My Schoolyard: Disability Discrimination in Educational Access
Rivera, L. A., & Tilcsik, A. (2023) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/00031224221150433 · Cited by 45
“Research shows that individuals hold negative stereotypes of disabled individuals, including disabled children (see Fiske et al. 2002; Ohan et al. 2013; Pescosolido et al. 2008).”
BackgroundEthnic Differences in Perceived Impairment and Need for Care
Chavez, L. M., Shrout, P. E., Alegria, M. M., Markle, S. L., & CANINO, G. J. (2010) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9428-8 · Cited by 35
Exasperating or Exceptional? Parents’ Interpretations of Their Child’s ADHD Behavior
Lench, H. C., Levine, L. J., & Whalen, C. K. (2011) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711427401 · Cited by 35
“Despite the severe consequences of ADHD for the family, treatment adherence rates are low (e.g., Charach et al., 2004; Pescosolido et al., 2008).”
BackgroundEvans, S. W., Owens, J. S., Mautone, J. A., DuPaul, G. J., & Power, T. J. (2013) · Issues in clinical child psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7624-5_30 · Cited by 35
Speerforck, S., Stolzenburg, S., Hertel, J., Grabe, H. J., Strauß, M., Carta, M. G., Angermeyer, M. C., & Schomerus, G. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112570 · Cited by 41
Power is knowledge: empowering parents of children with cerebral visual impairment
McDowell, N. (2020) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687599.2020.1751586 · Cited by 33
“…parent who is not empowered may develop negative attitudes towards service providers, underutilise the different services available, and may be hesitant to fully participate and engage with different service providers and organisations (Olin et al. 2010; Owens et al. 2002; Pescosolido et al. 2008).”
BackgroundMental disorders in Australian 4- to 17- year olds: Parent-reported need for help
Johnson, S. E., Lawrence, D. M., Sawyer, M., & Zubrick, S. R. (2017) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867417706032 · Cited by 31
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in African American Youth
Bailey, R. K., Ali, S., Jabeen, S., Akpudo, H., Avenido, J., Bailey, T., Lyons, J., & Whitehead, A. A. (2010) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-010-0144-4 · Cited by 30
“Doctors will have to increase their own awareness and recognition of individuals’ beliefs and attitudes and provide specific information suited to knowledge gaps and beliefs [21].”
Metadata
- Authors
- PESCOSOLIDO, B. A., JENSEN, P. S., MARTIN, J. K., PERRY, B. L., OLAFSDOTTIR, S., & FETTES, D.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- PESCOSOLIDO, BERNICE A.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 339-349
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2064323433
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 22.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH074985, K02-MH-012989)
- Fogarty International Center (R01TW006374)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- child mental health, public knowledge, mental health stigma, help-seeking, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, childhood depression, mental health service utilization, sources of help, sociodemographic differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Child, Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Mental Health Services, Parents, Prejudice, United States, Logistic Models
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