Cited by 159Advanced Causal Inference TechniquesStatistical Methods in EpidemiologyMeta-analysis and systematic reviews

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Estimating Direct Effects in Cohort and Case–Control Studies

Vansteelandt, Stijn·2009·Epidemiology

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Abstract

Estimating the effect of an exposure on an outcome, other than through some given mediator, requires adjustment for all risk factors of the mediator that are also associated with the outcome. When these risk factors are themselves affected by the exposure, then standard regression methods do not apply. In this article, I review methods for accommodating this and discuss their limitations for estimating the controlled direct effect (ie, the exposure effect when controlling the mediator at a specified level uniformly in the population). In addition, I propose a powerful and easy-to-apply alternative that uses G-estimation in structural nested models to address these limitations both for cohort and case-control studies.

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Authors: Vansteelandt, S.
Affiliations: Ghent University (BE)
Corresponding author: Vansteelandt, Stijn
ORCID: Vansteelandt, Stijn
Venue: Epidemiology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2009-11
Volume: 20
Issue: 6
Pages: 851-860
ISSN: 1044-3983 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/ede.0b013e3181b6f4c9
OpenAlex: W1971464691
Cited by: 159
References: 22
Citations by year: 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 10.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Keywords: controlled direct effect, G-estimation, cohort studies, case-control study
MeSH terms: Humans, Risk Factors, Models, Statistical, Cohort Studies, Epidemiologic Research Design, Causality, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Outcome Assessment, Health Care

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Estimating Direct Effects in Cohort and Case–Control Studies

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