High prevalence of atrial fibrillation in long-term endurance cross-country skiers: Echocardiographic findings and possible predictors—A 28–30 years follow-up study
Abstract
Background Lone atrial fibrillation (LAF) seems to be more common in endurance-trained male athletes than in men in the general population. The reason for this has not been found. Aim To determine the prevalence of LAF in long-term endurance cross-country skiers and to examine possible predictors. Methods Of 149 healthy, long-term trained cross-country skiers from three different age groups who were invited, 122 and 117 participated in the studies in 1976 and 1981, respectively. At follow-up in 2004-2006, 78 men participated, with 33 in age group I (54-62 years), 37 in group II (72-80 years) and eight in group III (87-92 years), whereas 37 individuals had died and seven could not be tracked. The examination programme applied in 1976, 1981 and 2004-2006 consisted of an electrocardiographic monitoring during rest and exercise and a maximal exercise test. Echocardiography was performed in 2004-2006. Results A high prevalence (12.8%) of LAF was found. The only predictor from both 1976 and 1981 associated with LAF was a long PQ time (r=0.38, P=0.001 and r=0.27, P=0.02, respectively), whereas bradycardia was another predictor from 1981 (r=0.29, P=0.012). At follow-up, left atrial enlargement was a marker associated with LAF (P Conclusion Long PQ time, bradycardia and left atrial enlargement seem to be important risk factors for LAF among long-term endurance cross-country skiers.
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Most athletes present a lower baseline resting heart rate, which is also a predictor of AF.
“Moreover, most athletes present a lower baseline resting heart rate, which is also a predictor of AF [49,57].”
From Atrial Fibrillation in Elite Athletes: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Grimsmo, J., Grundvold, I., Maehlum, S., & Arnesen, H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Feiringklinikken (The Feiring Heart Clinic), Feiring
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Norwegian Institute of Sports Medicine (Hjelp24NIMI), Oslo, Norway
- Corresponding author
- Grimsmo, Jostein
- Venue
- European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 100-105
- ISSN
- 1741-8267 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2093812360
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Keywords
- lone atrial fibrillation, cross-country skiers, endurance athletes, prevalence, risk factors, bradycardia, left atrial enlargement, echocardiography, ECG monitoring, maximal exercise test, long-term follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Atrial Fibrillation, Bradycardia, Electrocardiography, Exercise Test, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Atria, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Norway, Physical Endurance, Risk Factors, Skiing, Time Factors, Echocardiography, Doppler, Prevalence, Risk Assessment
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