Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain

Bushnell, M. Catherine; Čeko, Marta; Low, Lucie A.

doi:10.1038/nrn3516

Cited by 2,076Pain Mechanisms and TreatmentsPain Management and Placebo EffectPain Management and Treatment

Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain

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Bushnell, M. Catherine, Čeko, Marta, Low, Lucie A.·2013·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nrn3516PMC PMC4465351

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Abstract

Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent health problems in our modern world, with millions of people debilitated by conditions such as back pain, headache and arthritis. To address this growing problem, many people are turning to mind-body therapies, including meditation, yoga and cognitive behavioural therapy. This article will review the neural mechanisms underlying the modulation of pain by cognitive and emotional states - important components of mind-body therapies. It will also examine the accumulating evidence that chronic pain itself alters brain circuitry, including that involved in endogenous pain control, suggesting that controlling pain becomes increasingly difficult as pain becomes chronic.

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Both cognitive regulation and emotional regulation may be important in this context, and their exclusion for a complete focus on motor activity weakens the model elaborated by Sullivan and Vowles.
“Both cognitive regulation (rational self-talk) and emotional regulation (e.g. self-soothing) may also be important here, 3 and their exclusion for a complete focus on motor activity weakens the model elaborated by Sullivan and Vowles.”
From Patient action as means and end of chronic pain care: Risks and routes to meaningful action (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
The pgACC facilitates top-down regulation of negative affect, affective modulation of pain, and autonomic regulation.
“That is, the pgACC facilitates top-down regulation of negative effect, affective modulation of pain, and autonomic regulation.11,16,101,120,121”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
Some of the brain regions consistently activated by nociceptive stimulation also show abnormal structure and function in chronic pain disorders, suggesting they may be involved in nociceptive processing and/or pain modulation.
“Some of these regions also exhibit abnormal structure and function in chronic pain disorders, suggesting that they may be implicated in nociceptive processing and/or pain modulation2, 16, 23”
From The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in acute and chronic pain (2017) · cites this paper as [16]
Context-such as prior experience, expectations, mood, conditioning, desires, sensitization or habituation, and other cognitive factors-strongly shapes the subjective experience of pain.
“previous experiences, expectations, mood, conditioning, desires, sensitization/habituation, and other cognitive factors can dramatically amplify and/or attenuate pain.78, 83–87”
From Mindfulness meditation-based pain relief: a mechanistic account (2016) · cites this paper as [83]
Both lateral and medial systems thought to mediate "sensory" versus "affective" aspects of pain (e.g., S2/dpINS and dACC/aINS) are strongly responsive to nociceptive input.
“both lateral and medial systems thought to mediate “sensory” versus “affective” aspects of pain (e.g., S2/dpINS and dACC/aINS, respectively) are strongly responsive to nociceptive input [13],[71].”
From Distinct Brain Systems Mediate the Effects of Nociceptive Input and Self-Regulation on Pain (2015) · cites this paper as [13]

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Oxytocin in the anterior cingulate cortex attenuates neuropathic pain and emotional anxiety by inhibiting presynaptic long-term potentiation
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Neocortical circuits in pain and pain relief
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Authors: Bushnell, M. C., Čeko, M., & Low, L. A.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Bushnell, M. Catherine
ORCID: Bushnell, M. Catherine
Čeko, Marta
Low, Lucie A.
Venue: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-05-30
Volume: 14
Issue: 7
Pages: 502-511
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/nrn3516
PMC: PMC4465351
OpenAlex: W1999460576
Cited by: 2,076
References: 183
Citations by year: 2026: 193 · 2025: 217 · 2024: 199 · 2023: 190 · 2022: 213 · 2021: 213 · 2020: 170 · 2019: 165 · 2018: 150 · 2017: 120 · 2016: 120 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 8.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (ZIAAT000024)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords: chronic pain, pain modulation, cognitive control, emotional control, mind-body interventions, meditation, yoga, cognitive behavioral therapy, endogenous pain control, brain circuits, neural mechanisms of pain
MeSH terms: Attention, Brain, Cognition, Emotions, Humans, Pain Perception, Chronic Pain, Pain Management

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Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain

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