The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Prevalence of Failure-Based Depression Among Elite Athletes
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of diagnosed failure-based depression and self-reported symptoms of depression within a sample of elite swimmers competing for positions on Canadian Olympic and World Championship teams. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design. SETTING: Assessments were conducted after the conclusion of the qualifying swimming trials. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 50 varsity swimmers (28 men and 22 women) based at 2 Canadian universities who were competing to represent Canada internationally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnosed depression was assessed using a semistructured interview, and symptoms of depression were also assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory II. Performance was measured by changes in swimming time and athlete ranking. RESULTS: Before competition, 68% of athletes met criteria for a major depressive episode. More female athletes experienced depression than their male peers (P = 0.01). After the competition, 34% of athletes met diagnostic criteria and 26% self-reported mild to moderate symptoms of depression. The prevalence of depression doubled among the elite top 25% of athletes assessed. Within this group, performance failure was significantly associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the prevalence of depression among elite athletes is higher than what has been previously reported in the literature. Being ranked among the very elite athletes is related to an increase in susceptibility to depression, particularly in relation to a failed performance. Given these findings, it is important to consider the mental health of athletes and have appropriate support services in place.
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Citations
Cites
Mood state relationships and soccer team performance
Hassmén, P., & Blomstrand, E. (1995) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.9.3.297 · Cited by 60 · cited 2×
“Similar findings have also shown that when performance goals are not achieved, depressive symptoms are a distinct possibility.(10,11) Approximately 80% of athletes who failed during their athletic performance during the Olympic Games experienced a major depressive episode.”
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Cited by
Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)
Reardon, C. L., Hainline, B., Aron, C. M., Baron, D., Baum, A. L., Bindra, A., Budgett, R., Campriani, N., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Currie, A., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100715 · Cited by 1,277
The Mental Health of Elite Athletes: A Narrative Systematic Review
Rice, S. M., Purcell, R., De Silva, S., Mawren, D., McGorry, P. D., & Parker, A. G. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0492-2 · Cited by 1,205
“ted for prevalence rates of depression (34 %) based on diagnostic interviews undertaken with swimmers [45] and self-reported depression and anxiety (26 %) in European”
InfluentialDefining elite athletes: Issues in the study of expert performance in sport psychology
Swann, C., Moran, A., & Piggott, D. (2015) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.07.004 · Cited by 998
Purcell, R., Gwyther, K., & Rice, S. M. (2019) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-019-0220-1 · Cited by 394
Risk and protective factors for mental health in elite athletes: a scoping review
Kuettel, A., & Larsen, C. H. (2020) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2019.1689574 · Cited by 311
Breslin, G., Shannon, S., Haughey, T., Donnelly, P., & Leavey, G. (2017) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-017-0568-6 · Cited by 239
Zuckerman, S. L., Tang, A. R., Richard, K. E., Grisham, C. J., Kuhn, A. W., Bonfield, C. M., & Yengo-Kahn, A. M. (2021) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.1080/00913847.2020.1850152 · Cited by 98
MacNamara, Á., & Collins, D. (2015) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.2014-0021 · Cited by 52
Mountjoy, M., Junge, A., Magnusson, C., Shahpar, F. M., Ortiz Lizcano, E. I., Varvodic, J., Wang, X., Cherif, M. Y., Hill, L., & Miller, J. (2022) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000971 · Cited by 40
Tingaz, E. O., Solmaz, S., Ekiz, M. A., & Atasoy, M. (2023) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-022-00935-y · Cited by 21
Mental Health of Elite Sport Coaches and Entourage
Purcell, R., Frost, J., & Pilkington, V. (2024) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2023.06.005 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Hammond, T., Gialloreto, C., Kubas, H., & (Hap) Davis, H.
- Venue
- Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 273-277
- ISSN
- 1050-642X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988653182
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 20.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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