Caloric restriction, caloric restriction mimetics, and healthy aging in Okinawa: controversies and clinical implications
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine the role of two nutritional factors implicated in the healthy aging of the Okinawans: caloric restriction; and traditional foods with potential caloric restriction-mimetic properties. RECENT FINDINGS: Caloric restriction is a research priority for the US National Institute on Aging. However, little is known regarding health effects in humans. Some caloric restriction-related outcomes, such as cause-specific mortality and lifespan, are not practical for human clinical trials. Therefore, epidemiological data on older Okinawans, who experienced a caloric restriction-like diet for close to half their lives, are of special interest. The nutritional data support mild caloric restriction (10-15%) and high consumption of foods that may mimic the biological effects of caloric restriction, including sweet potatoes, marine-based carotenoid-rich foods, and turmeric. Phenotypic evidence is consistent with caloric restriction (including short stature, low body weight, and lean BMI), less age-related chronic disease (including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and dementia), and longer lifespan (mean and maximum). SUMMARY: Both caloric restriction and traditional Okinawan functional foods with caloric restriction-mimetic properties likely had roles in the extended healthspan and lifespan of the Okinawans. More research is needed on health consequences of caloric restriction and foods with caloric restriction-mimetic properties to identify possible nutritional interventions for healthy aging.
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Caloric restriction of 10-15% without malnutrition has been suggested to have a role in increasing lifespan in humans.
“Caloric restriction of 10-15% without malnutrition has been suggested to have a role in increasing lifespan in humans (70) (see Table 1).”
From A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan (2021) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Authors
- Willcox, B. J., & Willcox, D. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- ORCID
- Willcox, Bradley J.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5403510
- OpenAlex
- W2089388510
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 0.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag038707-04)
- National Institute on Aging (5R01AG038707, R01-AG-038707, R01AG027060)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, caloric restriction mimetics, healthy aging, Okinawans, traditional food, Ipomoea batatas, carotenoids, turmeric, lifespan, healthspan, age-related chronic diseases, short stature, underweight, dietary intervention
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Disease, Dementia, Diet, Humans, Japan, Longevity, Neoplasms, Seafood, Ipomoea batatas, Curcuma, Caloric Restriction, Functional Food
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