The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the intensive care unit
Abstract
Purpose of review: This review provides an update on the actions of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and presents the most recent findings from trials in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting including relevant meta-analyses. Many specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are produced from bioactive omega-3 PUFAs and may explain many of the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs, although other mechanisms of action of omega-3 PUFAs are being uncovered. Recent findings: SPMs resolve inflammation, promote healing and support antiinfection activities of the immune system. Since publication of the ESPEN guidelines, numerous studies further support the use of omega-3 PUFAs. Recent meta-analyses favor the inclusion of omega-3 PUFAs in nutrition support of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome or sepsis. Recent trials indicate that omega-3 PUFAs may protect against delirium and liver dysfunction in patients in the ICU, although effects on muscle loss are unclear and require further investigation. Critical illness may alter omega-3 PUFA turnover. There has been significant discussion about the potential for omega-3 PUFAs and SPMs in treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. Summary: Evidence for benefits of omega-3 PUFAs in the ICU setting has strengthened through new trials and meta-analyses. Nevertheless, better quality trials are still needed. SPMs may explain many of the benefits of omega-3 PUFAs.
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Mechanistic understandings of the action of omega-3 FA from fish oil have advanced, and positive effects of fish oil on organ function (kidney, liver, muscle) have been reported.
“Mechanistic understandings of the action of omega-3 FA from fish oil have advanced [91], and positive effects of fish oil on organ function (kidney, liver, muscle) have been reported [92].”
From ESPEN practical and partially revised guideline: Clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit (2023) · cites this paper as [92]
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- Authors
- Singer, P., & Calder, P. C.
- Affiliations
- Rabin Medical Center (IL)
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Singer, Pierre
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2023-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-137
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-6519
- OpenAlex
- W4323653425
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Keywords
- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specialized pro-resolving mediators, intensive care unit, critical illness, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, nutritional support, delirium, liver dysfunction, muscle mass loss, COVID-19 pandemic, anti-inflammatory activity, immune function
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Humans, Inflammation, Fatty Acids, Omega-3
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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