High blood pressure and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortalities in community-dwelling older adults
Open accessAbstract
Although hypertension is common among older adults, the optimal blood pressure (BP) for survival in older adults remains unclear. We attempt to use a large cohort to assess the relationship between BP and mortality and to gain insight into what level of BP is required for optimal survival in older adults.A total of 77,389 community-dwelling adults, aged ≥65 years, were followed between 2006 and 2010. Mortality was determined using matching cohort identifications with national death files. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the relationship of BP with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and expanded-CVD mortalities.The mortality risks of the stage 2-3 hypertension group were substantial (all-cause mortality: hazard ratio [HR]: 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-1.37; CVDs mortality: HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05-1.64; expanded-CVDs mortality: HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.15-1.71). The cardiovascular and expanded-cardiovascular mortality risks were lowest when systolic blood pressures were 120 to 129 mm Hg, and increased significantly when systolic blood pressures (SBPs) were ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic BPs were ≥90 mm Hg. A J-curve phenomenon for SBP on CVD and expanded-CVD mortality was observed. The impacts of stage 2-3 hypertension on mortality risks were significantly increased among women. The mortality risks of hypertension were not attenuated with older age.This study provides insight for identifying the optimal BP for survival in older adults, and extends the knowledge of the impacts of hypertension on mortality risks among women and the older adults.
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Obesity is a known independent risk factor for multiple cardiovascular diseases.
“Obesity is a known independent risk factor for multiple cardiovascular diseases [16,21,22]”
From PPG-Based Heart Rate Accuracy in Hispanic Adults with Fitzpatrick III–V Skin Tones: An Evaluation of Body Composition and Skin-Tone Effects (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
The Introduction identifies high blood pressure—not obesity—as a cardiovascular disease risk factor. The Results analyze BMI as a subgroup in the relationship between hypertension and CVD mortality, but do not establish obesity as an independent risk factor for multiple cardiovascular diseases (searched: obesity, obese, BMI, independent risk). (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Wu, C.-Y., Hu, H.-Y., Chou, Y.-J., Huang, N., Chou, Y.-C., & Li, C.-P.
- Affiliations
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Chung-Pin
- Venue
- Medicine
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 47
- Pages
- e2160
- ISSN
- 0025-7974 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5059018
- OpenAlex
- W2323782716
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nd
- Locations
- Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Council (NSC 98-2314-B-075-029)
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V103C-201)
- Taipei City Government
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- hypertension, blood pressure, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, older adults, J-curve, optimal blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, sex differences, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Health Status, Humans, Hypertension, Life Style, Male, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behavior, Proportional Hazards Models
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