Salt consumption and cardiovascular, renal, and hypertensive diseases: clinical and mechanistic aspects
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review will discuss some relevant and novel studies on the relationship between sodium intake and cardiovascular structure and function, focusing on blood pressure independent effects of salt on the heart, arteries, and kidneys. RECENT FINDINGS: Several new reports clearly demonstrate the role of high dietary salt in mediating cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality including stroke, myocardial infarction, arterial stiffening, heart failure, and renal insufficiency. A number of recent studies also indicate that in addition to increased sodium intake, simultaneous decrease in potassium intake may aggravate adverse cardiovascular and renal manifestations. SUMMARY: It is now generally accepted that there is a direct positive correlation between dietary salt and arterial pressure. Thus, the beneficial effects of dietary salt reduction are, at least in part, due to a decrease in arterial pressure. Furthermore, the beneficial, pressure-independent effects of sodium restriction on the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys are being increasingly recognized, but not generally appreciated.
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Chronically high sodium induces additional, BP-independent damage to renal, myocardial, and vascular tissues.
“Indeed, the latter suggest that chronically high sodium induces additional, BP-independent damage to renal, myocardial, and vascular tissues.309, 310”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [310]
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“high sodium induces additional, BP-independent damage to renal, myocardial, and vascular tissues.(309,310) Nearly all observational studies demonstrate a positive”
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- Authors
- Susic, D., & Frohlich, E. D.
- Affiliations
- Ochsner Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Frohlich, Edward D.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Lipidology
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-16
- ISSN
- 0957-9672 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2067645979
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Lipidology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Keywords
- sodium intake, salt reduction, hypertension, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, potassium intake, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Kidney Diseases, Nutritional Requirements, Sodium Chloride, Dietary
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