Macrophage proliferation and apoptosis in atherosclerosis
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Atherosclerosis is driven by cardiovascular risk factors that cause the recruitment of circulating immune cells beneath the vascular endothelium. Infiltrated monocytes differentiate into different macrophage subtypes with protective or pathogenic activities in vascular lesions. We discuss current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms that regulate lesional macrophage proliferation and apoptosis, two processes that occur during atherosclerosis development and regulate the number and function of macrophages within the atherosclerotic plaque. RECENT FINDINGS: Lesional macrophages in early phases of atherosclerosis limit disease progression by phagocytizing modified lipoproteins, cellular debris and dead cells that accumulate in the plaque. However, macrophages in advanced lesions contribute to a maladaptive, nonresolving inflammatory response that can lead to life-threatening acute thrombotic diseases (myocardial infarction or stroke). Macrophage-specific manipulation of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis modulates lesional macrophage accumulation and atherosclerosis burden in mouse models, and studies are beginning to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. SUMMARY: Despite recent advances in our understanding of macrophage proliferation and apoptosis in atherosclerotic plaques, it remains unclear whether manipulating these processes will be beneficial or harmful. Advances in these areas may translate into more efficient therapies for the prevention and treatment of atherothrombosis.
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In cultured macrophages, modified lipoproteins such as oxLDL induce autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis through NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and necroptosis.
“Uptake of modified lipoproteins, such as oxLDL, has been shown in cultured macrophages to induce autophagy168, apoptosis170, pyroptosis (via induction of NRLP3 inflammasome activation72) and necroptosis169.”
From Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities (2019) · cites this paper as [170]
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The Impact of PCSK9 on Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke and Potential Mechanisms
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- Authors
- Andrés, V., Pello, O. M., & Silvestre-Roig, C.
- Affiliations
- Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Andrés, Vicente
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Lipidology
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 429-438
- ISSN
- 0957-9672 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1963604068
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Lipidology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Keywords
- atherosclerosis, macrophage proliferation, macrophage apoptosis, monocyte differentiation, nonresolving inflammation, atherothrombosis, plaque stability, atherosclerotic plaque
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Macrophages, Necrosis, Phagocytosis, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Apoptosis, Disease Progression, Cell Proliferation, Atherosclerosis, Mice, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
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