Cited by 1,305Cytokine Signaling Pathways and InteractionsImmune Response and InflammationImmune cells in cancer

Colony-stimulating factors in inflammation and autoimmunity

Hamilton, John A.·2008·Nature reviews. Immunology

Abstract

Although they were originally defined as haematopoietic-cell growth factors, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) have been shown to have additional functions by acting directly on mature myeloid cells. Recent data from animal models indicate that the depletion of CSFs has therapeutic benefit in many inflammatory and/or autoimmune conditions and as a result, early-phase clinical trials targeting granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage colony-stimulating factor have now commenced. The distinct biological features of CSFs offer opportunities for specific targeting, but with some associated risks. Here, I describe these biological features, discuss the probable specific outcomes of targeting CSFs in vivo and highlight outstanding questions that need to be addressed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nri2356

Cites

141 of 141 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • CSF-1R signaling is critical for microglial development.

    “CSF-1R-mediated signaling is critical for microglial development.”
  • CSF-2 promotes migration of blood-borne monocytes across the blood-brain barrier, which then differentiate into macrophages in the presence of CSF-1 and CSF-2.

    “CSF-2 promotes migration of blood-borne monocytes across the blood-brain barrier, which then differentiate into macrophages in the presence of CSF-1 and CSF-2 [16, 17, 26, 52].”
  • CSF-2 in isolation also promotes differentiation of monocytes into a dendritic cell lineage, which maintains a phagocytic phenotype (CD68 immunopositive).

    “CSF-2 in isolation also promotes their differentiation into a dendritic cell lineage, which maintains a phagocytic phenotype (CD68 immunopositive) [17, 30].”
  • Pulmonary GM-CSF treatment has some drawbacks such as inflammatory activity that can render its use in humans problematic by exacerbating inflammatory lung injury.

    “Although pulmonary GM-CSF treatment has some drawbacks such as inflammatory activity (43) that can render its use in humans problematic by exacerbating inflammatory lung injury, the results of our study are promising.”

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hamilton, J. A.
Affiliations
The Royal Melbourne Hospital (AU)
Corresponding author
Hamilton, John A.
Venue
Nature reviews. Immunology
Published
2008-07
Volume
8
Issue
7
Pages
533-544
ISSN
  • 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1741
OpenAlex
W2063680739
Cited by
1,305
References
141
Citations by year
2026: 33 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 82 · 2017: 94 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 89
FWCI
6.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Keywords
colony-stimulating factors, inflammation, autoimmunity, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, myeloid cells, hematopoietic growth factors
MeSH terms
Animals, Arthritis, Colony-Stimulating Factors, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Humans, Inflammation, Lung Diseases, Neoplasms, Nephritis, Autoimmunity, Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor, Atherosclerosis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review