Environmental exposure to metals, neurodevelopment, and psychosis
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article presents a new hypothesis about the possible relation between early life exposure to metals and psychosis. We review limitations of available research, and discuss novel approaches to overcome previous methodological barriers. RECENT FINDINGS: Mechanistic studies suggest a possible association between excess lead, manganese, cadmium, arsenic, or copper, and zinc deficiency, and several biochemical disturbances related to psychosis, such as altered neurotransmitters levels, excitotoxicity, and inflammation. Furthermore, studies suggest that some metals (lead, manganese, cadmium excess, and zinc deficiency) are associated with schizophrenia or psychosis-related phenotype. However, previous studies had multiple methodological limitations. Importantly, metal exposure was often measured after disease development and seldom determined during critical developmental periods. Most studies fell short of depicting the exact timing of exposure and the change in exposure over time. Here, we propose several methods to overcome these methodological limitations. SUMMARY: There is a plausible role of early life exposure to metals in the cause of psychosis. Owing to methodological limitations in exposure measurement, this has not been well characterized. Considering the wide exposure to metals and the high cost of psychosis to society, this hypothesis should be rigorously examined.
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Animal studies have demonstrated that the effects of various metals on brain development could be mediated through dysregulation in neurotransmission, and alterations in frontal and subcortical brain structures.
“Animal studies have demonstrated that the effects of various metals on brain development could be mediated through dysregulation in neurotransmission, and alterations in frontal and subcortical brain structures8, several of which have also been implicated in ASD9.”
From Fetal and postnatal metal dysregulation in autism (2017) · cites this paper as [8]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Modabbernia, A., Arora, M., & Reichenberg, A.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Modabbernia, Amirhossein
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Pediatrics
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 243-249
- ISSN
- 1040-8703 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2329839411
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 0.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- metal exposure, early life exposure, psychosis, schizophrenia, lead, manganese, cadmium, arsenic, copper, zinc deficiency, brain development, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitters, exposure measurement, exposure timing
- MeSH terms
- Child, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants, Humans, Metals, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Risk Factors, Tooth, Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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